Epidemiology of Alcohol Problems: Alcohol-related Disparities

COVID-19（C-19）大流行彻底改变了美国的生活，从2020年3月开始， 大部分人口的订单和企业的大规模关闭，包括内部酒精销售点。到 截至目前，大多数州的场外酒精销售一直保持不变，送货和外卖选择暂时不变。 扩大2020年3月的酒类销售大幅高于预期，表明消费者增加 家庭酒精库存和潜在消费。到2020年6月，许多酒吧和餐馆重新开业， 各州有不同的距离限制，这引发了人们对病毒通过会众传播的担忧。重点 本中心项目的第一部分最初是对疾病、伤害、残疾和死亡的主要原因进行分析 在美国，种族/民族和社会经济差异明显， 酒精相关拟议的修订目标将侧重于饮酒模式、物质使用和 从COVID-19限制期之前到期间的心理健康指标，饮酒模式之间的关联 以及COVID-19风险行为和行为卫生保健需求、获取和利用，并关注种族/民族 和社会经济差距。2019-2020年全国酒精调查（N14）于4月20日完成， 2020年，80%的案例在2020年3月之前收集，包括通过以下方式招募的网络调查受访者 基于地址的抽样（ABS; n= 5，176）和通过随机数字拨号招募的电话受访者 (RDD n= 1，323）。我们建议使用后续工具重新调查1，500名N14 ABS和RDD受访者， N14 C，关注COVID-19期间的饮酒、物质使用和COVID-19风险行为和态度。这 纵向设计使我们能够建立在N14中收集的丰富的生命过程数据和COVID-19前的措施基础上， 整合了关于最近的物质使用行为和问题，身心健康以及与COVID-19相关的风险行为，态度和影响的新问题，包括失业和财务不安全。N14 C问题 酒精和药物使用及相关问题将参考适当的C-19期间的时间框架，包括在 在关闭期间和分阶段重新开放期间（开放期间），酒精和药物的变化 将通过与N14答复的比较来评估使用、共同使用和问题。N14 C问题将 包括饮酒动机和购买酒精，以及戴口罩、手 洗涤和聚集在非家庭成员的群体中。更新区域地理编码信息 将利用酒吧关闭和扩大交付等特点和政策，以便进行政策分析 利用人与人之间的前后比较来评估对酒精使用和问题的影响。A的措施 个人先前存在的健康状况，包括糖尿病，高血压和心脏病，将有助于 分析预计会增加COVID-19影响风险的因素以及抑郁和焦虑症状的测量 和歧视将用于重要和及时的分析，重点是心理健康，压力， 与COVID-19影响相关的歧视经历。

The COVID-19 (C-19) pandemic has drastically changed life in the US, starting in March 2020 with stay-at-home orders for much of the population and mass closures of businesses, including on-premise alcohol outlets. To date, off-premise alcohol sales have been maintained in most states, and delivery and to-go options temporarily expanded. Alcohol sales in March 2020 were substantially higher than expected, indicating consumers increased home alcohol stocks, and potentially consumption. By June 2020, bars and restaurants have re-opened in many states with varying distancing restrictions, prompting concerns of virus spread through congregation. The focus of this Center Project was originally on analyses of selected major causes of illness, injury, disability and death where significant racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities are evident in the US and which are substantially alcohol-related. The proposed revision Aims will focus on changes in drinking patterns, substance use and mental health measures from before to during the COVID-19 restriction period, associations between drinking patterns and COVID-19 risk behaviors and behavioral health care need, access and utilization with attention to racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities. The 2019-2020 National Alcohol Survey (N14) completed fielding on April 20, 2020 with 80% of cases collected before March 2020 and included web survey respondents recruited through address-based sampling (ABS; n=5,176) and telephone respondents recruited through random digit dialing (RDD; n=1,323). We propose to re-survey 1,500 N14 ABS and RDD respondents with a follow-up instrument, N14C, focused on drinking, substance use, and COVID-19 risk behaviors and attitudes in the COVID-19 period. This longitudinal design allows us to build on the rich lifecourse data and pre-COVID-19 measures collected in N14, integrating new questions on recent substance use behaviors and problems, physical and mental health, and COVID-19-related risk behaviors, attitudes and impacts, including job loss and financial insecurity. N14C questions on alcohol and drug use and related problems will reference appropriate C-19 period timeframes, including during stay-at-home orders (closed period) and during phased reopening (open period). Changes in alcohol and drug use, co-use and problems will be assessed through comparisons with N14 responses. N14C questions will include drinking motives and alcohol purchasing, as well as COVID-19 risk behaviors such as mask wearing, hand washing and congregating in groups of non-household members. Updated geocoding information of area characteristics and policies, such as bar closures and expanded delivery, will be utilized, allowing policy analyses utilizing within-person, pre-post comparisons to assess impacts on alcohol use and problems. Measures of an individual's pre-existing health conditions, including diabetes, hypertension and heart disease, will facilitate analyses of factors expected to raise the risk of COVID-19 impacts and measures of depression and anxiety symptoms and discrimination will be utilized for important and timely analyses focused on mental health, stress, and discrimination experiences related to COVID-19 impacts.