Characterizing and modulating neurocognitive processes of learning to trust and distrust in aging

项目摘要。人类互动的很大一部分是建立在信任的基础上的。老龄化一直与信任缺失有关-- 相关决策，可能在与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病(阿尔茨海默氏症)中进一步恶化 疾病/AD)，可能是老年人欺诈这一急剧增长的公共卫生问题的根源。最佳信任- 相关决策和避免剥削需要有能力了解社会的可信度 跨多个互动的合作伙伴，但学习在确定信任决策中的年龄缺陷方面所起的作用 目前还不得而知。为了解决这一差距，这个项目将(I)描述基本的认知过程和神经 健康老龄化和有主观认知的老年人学习信任和不信任的机制 阿尔茨海默病(SCD)和阿尔茨海默病家族史，代表早期临床前阿尔茨海默病组；和(2)调查 这些过程的延展性通过培训形成未来临床干预的基础，以减少 老龄化中的利用漏洞。拟议的工作在概念上嵌入了集成中的变化 老龄化社会决策(CISDA)框架。该框架描述了如何集成决策- 相关信息受到心理理论、记忆系统和社会变化轨迹的影响- 情绪随着年龄的增长而变化。两种创新的信任学习范式--社会爱荷华州赌博任务(SIGT) 和佛罗里达州-亚利桑那州赌博任务(FLAG)-将被用来测试三个方面的CISDA预测 实验和一个生态上有效的转移任务来评估老年人欺诈的易感性。这个 拟议的研究涉及三个目标。目标1/研究1：确认在学习信任成年人方面的年龄缺陷 寿命样本，还包括患有SCD的老年人，并确定社交线索在多大程度上 老年人和SCD患者的可信性偏向、与信任相关的决策和学习。此外，这一点 研究将使用计算模型来分离特定的学习偏差(社交线索、损失厌恶和新近) 在《信息与传播技术国际公约》框架内。目标2/研究2：使用两种新学习范式的功能磁共振版本来确认 改变前扣带回皮质、脑岛和杏仁核的活动，以及它们之间的相互作用，作为增龄的神经机制- 相关的学习缺陷。目标3/研究3：探索潜在的信任神经回路的可塑性-- 衰老中的学习障碍。这项研究将利用实时功能磁共振神经反馈来训练健康的老年人 前扣带回皮质上调对衰老和确认关键的信任相关学习的增强作用 老龄化中经验依赖型社会决策的机制。这个项目的跨学科方法 包括实验和情感衰老、神经经济学和计算神经科学。总而言之， 这项研究将推进老龄化社会决策的基础科学，并确定老龄化的延展性 为旨在优化信任相关决策的决策支持性干预提供信息的潜在神经回路 制定和减少对老年人的剥削。

Project Summary. Much of human interaction is based on trust. Aging has been associated with deficits in trust- related decision making, likely further exacerbated in age-associated neurodegenerative disease (Alzheimer's disease/AD), possibly underlying the dramatically growing public health problem of elder fraud. Optimal trust- related decision making and avoiding exploitation require the ability to learn about the trustworthiness of social partners across multiple interactions, but the role that learning plays in determining age deficits in trust decisions is currently unknown. To address this gap, this project will (i) characterize basic cognitive processes and neural mechanisms in learning to trust and distrust in healthy aging and in older individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and a family history of AD, representing an `early' preclinical AD group; and (ii) probe the malleability of these processes with training to form the foundation for future clinical intervention toward reducing exploitation vulnerability in aging. The proposed work is conceptually embedded in the Changes in Integration for Social Decisions in Aging (CISDA) framework. This framework describes how the integration of decision- relevant information is impacted by trajectories of change in theory of mind, memory systems, and social- emotional processing with age. Two innovative trust-learning paradigms – the Social Iowa Gambling Task (sIGT) and the FLorida-Arizona Gambling Task (FLAG) – will be leveraged to test CISDA predictions across three experiments and complimented by an ecologically valid transfer task assessing elder fraud susceptibility. The proposed research addresses three goals. Aim 1/Study 1: Confirm age deficits in learning to trust in an adult lifespan sample that also includes older individuals with SCD and determine the extent to which social cues of trustworthiness bias trust-related decisions and learning in older age and individuals with SCD. Further, this study will use computational modeling to isolate specific learning biases (social cue, loss aversion, and recency) within the CISDA framework. Aim 2/Study 2: Use fMRI versions of the two new learning paradigms to confirm altered anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and amygdala activity, and their interplay, as neural mechanisms of age- associated learning deficits. Aim 3/Study 3: Probe the malleability of the underlying neurocircuitry of trust- learning deficits in aging. This study will utilize real-time fMRI neurofeedback to train healthy older adults in anterior cingulate cortex up-regulation toward enhanced trust-related learning in aging and confirm critical mechanisms of experience-dependent social decisions in aging. This project's interdisciplinary approach encompasses experimental and affective aging, neuroeconomics, and computational neuroscience. Collectively, this research will advance the basic science of social decision making in aging and determine the malleability of underlying neurocircuitry to inform decision-supportive intervention targeted at optimizing trust-related decision making and reducing exploitation in the elderly.