The influence of community and family protective processes on neurocognitive systems associated with early-onset drug use: An investigation of rural southern youth

项目摘要 拟议的职业发展申请为Assaf Oshri博士提供研究培训，以 为他向独立过渡提供便利。奥什里博士提出的研究培训重点是 研究暴露于相关背景应激源的神经认知机制 由于成长在资源贫乏的农村环境中，青少年吸毒。一种新兴的 然而，行为科学家的共识表明， 研究人员将拥有跨学科教育的优势，将行为学和 生物专业知识。特别是，认知神经科学的观点和方法是 提供了一个强有力的视角来研究背景压力对 发展和青少年吸毒问题。尤其是功能磁共振成像(FMRI)， 生成与从行为测量获得的信息互补的信息， 培养对药物使用病因学的新见解。奥什里博士的长期目标是推进 对吸毒易感人群药物使用病因的了解 由于有暴露在紧张环境中的历史，并参与翻译本 将知识转化为有效的干预措施。他的近期目标(5年)是提交一份有竞争力的 R01向NIDA申请进行农村青年前瞻性研究 暴露于环境压力影响的神经认知和心理社会途径 早发性药物使用。拟议的研究性培训经验旨在开发 (A)神经认知研究的概念和经验基础方面的能力，(B) 功能磁共振成像方法，包括设计、实施、数据分析和检验假设，(C) 概念化和评估社区和家庭一级的风险和保护进程 与农村环境有关，以及(D)资助金。与正式和 非正规教育经历：农村青年融入社会的两年前瞻性调查 心理社会风险和保护过程的功能磁共振成像和多层次背景评估 建议。在这项研究中，奥什里博士检验了风险决策的发展假说 Making代表了一种对资源贫乏的养育环境的神经认知适应。这 主体证明研究旨在为培训提供重点以及初步数据，以 支持竞争对手的R01应用程序。

Project Summary The proposed career development application provides research training for Dr. Assaf Oshri to facilitate his transition to independence. Dr. Oshri proposed research training focuses on investigating neurocognitive mechanisms linking exposure to contextual stressors associated with growing up in resource poor rural environments to adolescent drug use. An emerging consensus among behavioral scientists, however, indicates that the “next generation” of researchers will have the advantage of a transdisciplinary education, integrating behavioral and biological expertise. In particular, perspectives and methods from cognitive neuroscience are providing a powerful vantage point from which to investigate the effects of contextual stress on development and youth drug use. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), in particular, generates information complementary to that which is obtained from behavioral measures, fostering new insights into the etiology of drug use. Dr. Oshri’s long-term goal is to advance understanding of the etiology of drug use among populations who are vulnerable to addiction due to a history of exposure to stressful environments and participate in the translation of this knowledge into effective interventions. His near term goal (5 years) is to submit a competitive R01 application to NIDA to conduct a prospective study of rural youth investigating the neurocognitive and psychosocial pathways through which exposure to contextual stress affects early onset drug use. The proposed research training experience is designed to develop competencies in (a) the conceptual and empirical foundations of neurocognitive research, (b) fMRI methods including design, implementation, data analysis, and testing hypotheses, (c) conceptualizing and assessing community and family level risk and protective processes associated with rural environments, and (d) grantsmanship. In conjunction with formal and informal educational experiences, a two-year prospective investigation of rural youth integrating fMRI and multilevel contextual assessments of psychosocial risk and protective process is proposed. In this research Dr. Oshri tests the developmental hypothesis that risky decision making represents a neurocognitive adaptation to resource poor rearing environments. This proof-of-principal study is designed to provide a focus for training as well as preliminary data to support a competitive R01 application.