Policy strategies for the prevention of multiple forms of violence against children and youth

摘要 暴力侵害儿童和青年，包括虐待儿童和遭受亲密伴侣暴力 (IPV)在美国各地的社区很常见。暴力侵害儿童的后果是 深刻的，往往是持久的。研究发现，经历过暴力的儿童 在整个生命过程中出现负面结果的风险，包括心理健康问题，少年犯罪/犯罪， 身体健康和未来的经济机会。这些后果对社会来说代价高昂，有些人 据估计，暴力受害者在其一生中的生命成本近2万亿美元， 处理后果。一级预防儿童虐待和IPV的公共卫生方法 优先考虑可以具有最大人口水平影响的策略（即，普遍性）， 家庭和儿童的生活条件（即，通过政策），特别是在高风险时期 家庭暴力（即，婴儿期、童年期）。为响应RFA-CE-20-003，我们建议进行 有效性研究，以确定哪些社区一级或社会一级的战略有效 防止多种形式的暴力和其他影响儿童和青年的ACE。我们特别 建议就带薪家事假（目标1）和幼儿保育的影响建立科学证据 规定（即，儿童保育补贴，学前教育（目标2），关于儿童虐待率和IPV。使用 家庭压力模型和世界卫生组织健康问题社会决定因素委员会 框架，我们假设有带薪家庭假的州虐待儿童的比率较低， IPV，以及那些有更慷慨的早期儿童保育政策的国家。此外，我们假设付费的影响 家事假和幼儿保育政策对某些人群将产生更显著的影响（例如， 这些政策对暴力结果的影响将通过以下因素发挥作用， 贫穷和失业。这些分析的结果将为解决社会问题提供进一步的证据。 在暴力后果的初级预防中，将这些因素作为一项战略。具体而言，它将为政策制定者提供 提供关于带薪家事假和幼儿保育影响的科学证据 暴力初级预防政策。

Abstract Violence against children and youth, including child maltreatment and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), is common in communities across the United States. The consequences of violence against children are profound and often long-lasting. Studies have found that children who experience violence are at increased risk for negative outcomes across the life course, including problems with mental health, delinquency/crime, physical health, and future economic opportunity. These consequences are costly to society, with some estimates suggesting that victims of violence incur lifetime costs of nearly $2 trillion over their life course in treating the consequences. A public health approach to the primary prevention child maltreatment and IPV prioritizes strategies that can have the greatest population-level impact (i.e., universal) by addressing the conditions in which families and children live (i.e., through policy), particularly during high risk periods for violence within families (i.e., infancy, childhood). In response to RFA-CE-20-003, we propose to conduct effectiveness research to determine which community-level or societal-level strategies effectively prevent multiple forms of violence and other ACEs that impact children and youth. Specifically, we propose to build the scientific evidence on the effects of paid family leave (Aim 1) and early child care provisions (i.e., child care subsidies, preschool) (Aim 2) on rates of child maltreatment and IPV. Using the Family Stress Model and the World Health Organization’s Commission on the Social Determinants of Health Framework, we hypothesize that states with paid family leave will have lower rates of child maltreatment and IPV, as will those with more generous early child care policies. Further, we hypothesize that the effects of paid family leave and early child care policies will have a more pronounced effect for certain populations (e.g., children of color) and that the effects of these policies on violence outcomes will operate through factors such as poverty and unemployment. Results of these analyses will provide further evidence for addressing societal factors as a strategy in the primary prevention of violence outcomes. Specifically, it will provide policy makers and other stakeholders with scientific evidence regarding the effects of paid family leave and early child care policies on the primary prevention of violence.