Michigan Interactive Tech in Toddlers (MITTen) study

摘要 美国家庭对移动的和互动技术的快速采用已经超过了对他们的研究。 对儿童发育和健康的潜在影响。许多先前的研究对电视（电视）和旧形式的 媒体依赖于父母对诸如“屏幕时间”等全局结构的回忆，这可能不是一个完整的 现在父母和孩子使用移动的和交互式设备， 间歇性的、按需的方式。正如2018年NICHD科学研讨会上强调的那样， 媒体接触和儿童早期发展，移动的和互动媒体的设计启示不同 从电视中的几个重要方面，值得新颖的科学范式来描述儿童和 家庭使用媒体。拟议的项目将通过测试一个概念性的 该框架研究了父母和儿童使用移动的媒体如何影响儿童社会发展， 通过父母和孩子的认知、情感和行为反应机制的情感技能 states.我们还将测试影响是否受到儿童气质，父母执行功能， 和家庭社会心理压力拟议的研究利用了一项正在进行的纵向队列研究， 不同的幼儿和他们的父母（NICHD 1R01HD102370，PI：Radesky）进行基于家庭访问的数据 在2岁、3岁和4岁时收集，在2.5岁、3.5岁和4.5岁时增加虚拟数据收集波， CAFE联盟数据收集工具包。我们的方法将与其他CAFE研究人员协同， 该P01提案包括一个旨在有效地将儿童内容分类为积极和儿童内容的计划， 集中与延长成就和剥削。在具体目标1中，我们将使用结构方程模型 为了检查父移动的媒体使用持续时间、 家庭活动中断，媒体反应状态（与媒体使用相关的认知负荷）， 儿童社会能力，情绪调节和有问题的媒体使用。具体目标2： 出于监管目的，检查儿童移动的媒体使用之间的双向纵向关联， 内容质量（剥削与积极）和媒体响应状态（难以从媒体转换）， 幼儿社会能力、情绪调节和媒体使用问题。具体目标3：检查 通过测试儿童SA1和SA2中关联的适度来区分对媒体效应的敏感性 气质，父母执行功能和心理社会压力。我们的研究结果将有助于 数字媒体指南所依据的证据基础，以及反映数字媒体的数字设计方法。 有年幼子女的家庭的需要。此外，我们对双向关联建模的关注， 在早期社会情感背景下，阐明个别儿童，父母和设计启示因素 发展将为精确的行为干预和建议的发展提供信息， 人口层面的数字化设计和政策。

ABSTRACT The rapid adoption of mobile and interactive technologies by American families has outpaced research on their potential effects on child development and health. Much prior research on television (TV) and older forms of media relied upon parent recall of global constructs such as “screen time,” which may not be a complete representation of family media use now that parents and children use mobile and interactive devices in an intermittent, on-demand manner throughout the day. As highlighted at the 2018 NICHD scientific workshop on Media Exposure and Early Child Development, the design affordances of mobile and interactive media differ from TV in several important ways, and deserve novel scientific paradigms to describe how children and families use media. The proposed project will fill these gaps in scientific knowledge by testing a conceptual framework that examines how parent and child mobile media use influence the development of child socio- emotional skills through mechanisms involving parent and child cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses states. We will also test whether effects are moderated by child temperament, parent executive functioning, and family psychosocial stress. The proposed research leverages an ongoing longitudinal cohort study of diverse toddlers and their parents (NICHD 1R01HD102370, PI: Radesky) that conducts home visit-based data collection at ages 2, 3, and 4 years, adding virtual data collection waves at 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 years with the CAFE Consortium data collection toolkit. Our approach will be synergistic with the other CAFE investigators on this P01 Proposal and include a program aim of efficiently classifying children’s content as positive and child- centered vs. engagement-prolonging and exploitative. In specific aim 1, we will use structural equation models to examine bidirectional, longitudinal associations between parent mobile media use duration, frequency of interruptions of family activities, and media response states (cognitive load related to media use) with early childhood social competence, emotion regulation, and problematic media use. In specific aim 2, we will examine bidirectional longitudinal associations between child mobile media use for regulatory purposes, content quality (exploitative vs. positive), and media response states (difficulty transitioning from media) with early childhood social competence, emotion regulation, and problematic media use. In specific aim 3, Examine differential susceptibility to media effects by testing moderation of associations in SA1 and SA2 by child temperament, parent executive functioning, and psychosocial stressors. Our findings will contribute to the evidence base upon which digital media guidelines are based, as well as digital design approaches that reflect the needs of families with young children. In addition, our attention to modeling bidirectional associations and articulating individual child, parent, and design affordance factors in the context of early socio-emotional development will inform development of both precise behavioral interventions and recommendations for population-level digital design and policy.