CMA: Network plasticity in acquired epileptogenesis
CMA: Network plasticity in acquired epileptogenesis
批准号:
10553141
负责人:
Stelios Manolis Smirnakis
金额:
$0.0万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2021
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2021-01-01 至 2024-12-31
关键词:
AdultAreaCalciumCellsChronicClinicalCognitiveCognitive deficitsCommunicationComplexComputer ModelsDevelopmentDimensionsDiseaseDrug resistanceElectrophysiology (science)EpilepsyEpileptogenesisEventExcisionFunctional disorderGABA ReceptorGoalsHigh Frequency OscillationHippocampusImageImaging TechniquesImpaired cognitionIn VitroInterneuronsInterruptionInterventionLightMapsMeasuresMediatingMemoryMethodsModelingMonitorMorbidity - disease rateNeocortexNeuronsOperative Surgical ProceduresOpsinParvalbuminsPathologicPatientsPatternPharmaceutical PreparationsPhotic StimulationPhotonsPilocarpinePlayPost-Traumatic EpilepsyReportingResearch DesignResistanceResolutionRoleSeizuresSliceSynapsesTechniquesTemporal Lobe EpilepsyTimecell typecomorbiditydisabilityimmunocytochemistryin vivomilitary veteranneocorticalneuropsychiatryoptogeneticspatch clamppreventreceptor expressionrecruitside effecttwo photon microscopytwo-photon
中文摘要
颞叶癫痫(TLE)是脑外伤后最常见的癫痫类型,
癫痫,在退伍军人中造成严重的发病率。大约60%的成人癫痫病例
是由于颞叶癫痫,这往往是耐药性,需要手术。即使在手术后,约30%的患者
继续发作TLE导致认知缺陷,包括显著的执行、记忆和
神经精神障碍由突发事件引发后,无癫痫发作的“癫痫”期
通常在TLE开始之前。导致癫痫发生的网络机制
对这一“致癫痫”时期的了解很少。对这些机制的深入而精确的理解是
这对于开发新的、更有效的干预方法来治疗颞叶癫痫而不产生副作用至关重要
药物的影响和大手术切除的潜在残疾。
TLE发作被认为是在有限的时间焦点开始,然后夹带皮层网络。最近
有证据表明,包括新皮层在内的大型区域网络在TLE中起着积极作用。Sheybani等人
[7]报告说,在癫痫发生过程中形成了一个自我维持的癫痫网络,
产生与初始海马病灶无关的病理性电活动。 连同其他
通过实验和临床观察,这有力地表明海马外皮质区参与了
在癫痫发生中。然而,皮层回路如何在癫痫发生过程中得到修改仍然未知。
我们将联合收割机慢性、活体、大视场(介观)双光子显微镜与光遗传学调节相结合,
在单细胞分辨率下研究特定的皮质中间神经元类别:i)异常活动如何出现在
在TLE的毛果芸香碱模型中癫痫发生过程中的新皮层回路,以及ii)它是否
可能通过调节光遗传学特异性,
皮质中间神经元的类型。我们假设小白蛋白阳性(PV+)和
在癫痫发生过程中,皮层回路中出现SST+中间神经元的参与进行性减少。
期 在200- 400 Hz高频期间,将特别观察到病理性电路动力学
振荡(HFO)被证明是回路高兴奋性的标志。
在目的1中,我们测量了不同类型的皮层神经元在高频率时的募集概况,
在TLE的毛果芸香碱模型中,在癫痫发生期间,振荡(HFO)作为时间的函数而变化。 我们
预计随着时间的推移,皮层兴奋性将增加,自主的超同步活动模式,
可能会在政治上独立。 在目标2中,我们将使用单光子光遗传学,
阶跃功能视蛋白以及空间光调制(SLM)、2-光子、单细胞单光子特异性光遗传学,
因果询问癫痫发生过程中皮层回路的兴奋性。 所获得的信息对于以下方面至关重要:
识别细胞特异性干预靶点,以预防TLE的癫痫发生及其认知后遗症。
总体战略:我们的协作绩效提案的总体目标是确定以下方面的关键变化:
海马和新皮层回路,促进癫痫和认知功能障碍的发展,
最初的侮辱。 其他建议的目的:1。 Wasterlain将使用免疫细胞化学技术,包括
EM免疫细胞化学,以量化突触和突触后神经元中GABA受体表达的变化。
突触间隙 2. Naylor将使用体外切片膜片钳记录、光遗传学和计算机辅助技术,
通过建模来了解不同类型的中间神经元的功能连接在这个关键过程中是如何变化的。
期3. Golshani将使用电生理学和成像技术的组合来了解
在癫痫发生过程中,Naylor研究的定义的中间神经元类型的活动模式在体内发生了变化,
海马体。所有的研究都是独立的,但又相互深刻地影响,作为一个多维度的理解
将是在这种高度复杂和致残的疾病中取得进展的关键。
英文摘要
Project Summary/ Abstract: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is the most frequent type of post-traumatic
epilepsy, causing significant morbidity in the veteran population. Approximately 60% of adult epilepsy cases
are due to TLE, which is often medication-resistant requiring surgery. Even after surgery, ~30% of patients
continue to have ictal events. TLE causes cognitive deficits, including significant executive, memory, and
neuropsychiatric dysfunction. After initiation by a precipitating event, a seizure-free “epileptogenic” period
typically follows before TLE sets in. The network mechanisms that lead to the development of epilepsy during
this “epileptogenic” period are poorly understood. A deep and precise understanding of these mechanisms is
critical for developing new, more effective, methods of intervention to treat temporal epilepsy without the side-
effects of medications and the potential disability of large surgical resections.
TLE seizures are thought to be initiated at a restricted temporal focus and then entrain cortical networks. Recent
evidence suggests that a large network of areas, including neocortex, play an active role in TLE. Sheybani et al.
[7] reports that a self-sustained epileptic network developed during epileptogenesis, becoming gradually able to
generate pathological electrical activity independent of the initial hippocampal focus. Together with other
experimental and clinical observations, this strongly suggests that extra-hippocampal cortical areas are involved
in epileptogenesis. However, how cortical circuits get modified during epileptogenesis remains unknown.
We combine chronic, in-vivo, large-field (Mesoscopic) two-photon microscopy with optogenetic modulation of
specific cortical interneuron classes to study at single-cell resolution: i) how aberrant activity emerges in
neocortical circuits over the course of epileptogenesis in the pilocarpine model of TLE, and ii) whether it is
possible to interrupt the hippocampo-cortical cycle of epileptic activity by modulating optogenetically specific
types of cortical interneurons. We hypothesize that hypersynchronous firing of parvalbumin positive (PV+) and
progressively decreased engagement of SST+ interneurons emerges in cortical circuits during the epileptogenic
period. Pathological circuit dynamics will be particularly observed during the 200-400 Hz high frequency
oscillations (HFOs) shown to be a marker for circuit hyper-excitability.
In aim 1, we measure how the profile of recruitment of different types of cortical neurons during high frequency
oscillations (HFOs) changes as a function of time during epileptogenesis in the pilocarpine model of TLE. We
expect that over time cortical excitability will increase and autonomous hyper-synchronous activity patterns that
may be hippocampally independent will emerge. In aim 2, we will use single-photon optogenetics with stabilized
step-function opsins as well as spatial-light-modulated (SLM), 2-photon, single-cell-specific optogenetics to
causally interrogate cortical circuit excitability during epileptogenesis. Information obtained will be critical for
identifying cell specific targets for interventions to prevent epileptogenesis and its cognitive sequelae in TLE.
Overall Strategy: The overall goal of our collaborative merit proposal is to determine the key changes in
hippocampal and neocortical circuitry that promotes the development of epilepsy and cognitive dysfunction after
the initial insult. Aims of Other Proposals: 1. Wasterlain will use immunocytochemical techniques, including
EM immunocytochemistry, to quantify changes in the GABA receptor expression at the synapse and in the peri-
synaptic space. 2. Naylor will use in-vitro slice patch clamp recordings, optogenetics, and computational
modeling to understand how the functional connectivity of different interneuron types changes during this key
period. 3. Golshani will use a combination of electrophysiological and imaging techniques to understand how the
activity patterns of defined interneuron types studied by Naylor change in vivo during the epileptogenesis in the
hippocampus. All studies are independent, yet deeply inform each other, as a multi-dimensional understanding
will be key for making progress in this highly complex and disabling disorder.
期刊论文(0)
专著(0)
科研奖励(0)
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