PRODUCTION AND ABSORPTION OF INTESTINAL GAS

这个建议的总体目标是继续我的研究， 使用气体作为探针来研究人体生理学。 具体目标 这一建议的内容如下。 第一章 定量测定正常人的管腔搅拌效率 小肠通过测量的水解 二糖 这种搅拌决定了 覆盖粘膜并提供扩散的未搅拌层 阻碍所有溶质的吸收。 此外该 管腔内容物的粘度和营养成分对 将研究管腔搅拌。 作为一个相关项目， 犬和大鼠绒毛间隙搅拌效率 将进行研究，以评估绒毛表面积对 吸附和表面水解。 这些研究的数据可以 与患有肠道疾病的受试者相比， 如果不充分的管腔搅拌在吸收不良中起作用， 肠道疾病患者。 （二） 分别确定产生H2和消耗H2的作用 生物体：a）在具有非常高或非常低的H2产生的受试者中 和B）在适应高纤维饮食或乳糖酶的受试者中 缺乏适应高乳糖饮食的受试者。 H2是一个大 肠胃气的组成部分，因此了解因素 调节H2在肠道中的积累对于理解 胃胀气的发病机制和治疗的可能途径。 摄入高剂量纤维或乳糖的受试者最初 严重的气胀症状，改善与持续摄入的 食物。 这种改善似乎反映了一种适应 产气植物群，这些研究将确定 H2生产或H2消耗生物体的变化涉及 这种适应。 第三章 利用肺泡空气中一氧化碳（CO）的测量结果， 评估红细胞（RBC）周转率。 目前还没有 简单，快速的测试红细胞周转率，并提出， 根据环境PCO校正的肺泡PCO评估将 为RBC存活提供了临床上有用的测试。 四、 利用从基质中释放的CO的测量值作为 氧化损伤 拟议的研究将使用果糖作为测试 化合物，以：a）确定参与这种氧化的碳 和B）测试各种生物的氧化-抗氧化活性， 流体. 氧化损伤对健康具有广泛的影响， CO释放似乎是这种损伤的独特标志。

The overall goal of this proposal is to continue my studies that have employed gases as probes to study human physiology. The specific aims of this proposal are as follows. 1) Quantitate the efficiency of luminal stirring in the normal human small intestine via measurements of the hydrolysis of disaccharides. this stirring determines the thickness of the unstirred layer that covers the mucosa and provides a diffusion barrier to the absorption of all solutes. In addition, the influence of the viscosity and nutrients of luminal contents on luminal stirring will be investigated. As a related project, the efficiency of stirring of the intervillous space of dogs and rats will be studied to assess the role of villous surface area on absorption and surface hydrolysis. Data from these studies can be compared to that from subjects with intestinal disease to determine if inadequate luminal stirring plays a role in the malabsorption of patients with bowel disease. 2) Separately identify the role of H2 producing the H2 consuming organisms: a) in subjects with very high or very low H2 production and b) in subjects adapting to a high fiber diet or lactase deficient subjects adapting to a high lactose diet. H2 is a major component of flatus and hence understanding of the factors regulating H2 accumulation in the gut is important to understanding the pathogenesis and potential approaches to therapy of flatulence. Subjects ingesting high dose of fiber or lactose initially have severe flatulent symptoms that improve with continued ingestion of the foodstuff. This improvement seemingly reflects an adaptation of the gas producing flora and these studies will determine if changes in H2 producing or H2 consuming organisms are involved in this adaptation. 3) Utilize measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) in alveolar air to assess red blood cell (RBC) turnover. At present there is no simple, rapid test for RBC turnover and it is proposed that the assessment of alveolar PCO corrected for environmental PCO will provide a clinically useful test for RBC survival. 4) Utilize measurements of CO release from substrates as a measure of oxidant injury. The proposed studies will use fructose as a test compound to: a) identify the carbons involved in this oxidation and b) test the oxidant-antioxidant activity of various biological fluids. Oxidant injury has widespread implications for health, and CO release appears to be a unique marker of this injury.