PEDIATRIC INJURIES: ROLE OF EPIDEMOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

描述：风险管理是家长的主要责任 为他们年幼的孩子提供安全保障。这涉及到识别谁 处于风险中，以及在什么条件下处于风险中，访问和 利用安全设备，构建环境结构，将风险降至最低 提供监督。父母在多大程度上采取适当的 预防措施取决于父母对伤害和伤害的感知 风险以及在社会文化背景下采取行动的动机。 这项研究建立在调查人员先前记录的研究基础上 在受伤风险和受伤原因方面的差异 墨西哥移民、文化适应的墨西哥裔美国人和非西班牙裔白人 孩子们。拟议的研究将融合人种学和流行病学。 研究设计、数据收集和分析方法以及解释 洞察力，提供对潜在因素的更好理解 这些人群中儿童时期的伤害。 本项目的总体目标是检验以下假设：1) 父母提供可靠和准确的信息和事实 伤害研究中使用的变量；2)父母的信念和看法 关于伤害的因果关系、责任、风险和有效伤害 预防措施与儿童时期的实际情况不同 伤害发生；3)父母对伤害的看法和态度 因果关系、责任和有效的伤害预防措施不同于 种族和文化适应程度；以及，4)差异和态度 种族和文化适应程度导致比率和 伤害的主要原因。 这项研究包括三个部分。第一个将适应、链接和利用 来自调查人员研究的流行病学数据，以说明优势 以及各种数据源的局限性，将考察生态化程度 在使用人口普查数据的小区域分析中存在偏见，并将制定一项 儿童伤害的流行病学模型。第二个组件将 确定关于以下方面的文化价值观、信仰、看法和知识 儿童因文化适应和教育而受到伤害的风险、监管和能力 使用人种学方法论的种族。第三个组件将比较 人种学数据与伤害流行病学数据来自同一 人口。 通过使用这种结合的方法，流行病学将提供定量的 风险估计，而民族志将解释文化嵌入的风险 因素和认知及其对病因学和疾病的潜在意义 预防儿童伤害。这项研究的结果将定义 更准确地说，谁应该成为特定干预的目标，以及如何 干预措施的结构应该是最大限度地提高其有效性。

DESCRIPTION: Risk management is a major responsibility of parents in providing for safety of their young children. This involves recognizing who is at risk and under what conditions they are at risk, accessing and utilizing safety devices, structuring the environment to minimize risks and providing supervision. The extent to which parents take appropriate preventive measures depends upon parents' perception of injuries and injury risks, as well as motivations for action within a sociocultural context. This study builds upon the investigators' previous studies documenting differentials in risk of injury and causes of injury between recent immigrant Mexican, acculturated Mexican American and non-Hispanic white children. The proposed study will merge ethnographic and epidemiologic research designs, methods of data collection and analysis, and interpretive insights to provide an improved understanding of the factors underlying childhood injuries in these populations. The overall goals of this project are to test the following hypotheses: 1) parents provide reliable and accurate information and facts in respect to variables used in injury research; 2) parental beliefs and perceptions regarding injury causation, responsibility, risks and effective injury prevention measures differ from the actual situations in which childhood injuries occur; 3) parental perceptions and attitudes regarding injury causation, responsibility and effective injury prevention measures differ by ethnicity and level of acculturation; and, 4) differences and attitudes by ethnicity and level of acculturation result in differences in rates and leading causes of injury. This study has three components. The first will adapt, link and utilize epidemiologic data from the investigators' studies to address the strengths and limitations of various data sources, will examine the degree of ecologic bias in small area analyses using census data, and will develop an epidemiologic model of childhood injury. The second component will determine cultural values, beliefs, perceptions and knowledge regarding injury risk, supervision, and capabilities of children by acculturation and ethnicity using ethnographic methodology. the third component will compare the ethnographic data with the injury epidemiology data from the same population. By using this combined approach, epidemiology will provide quantitative estimates of risk while ethnography will explain culturally embedded risk factors and perceptions and their potential significance to the etiology and prevention of childhood injuries. The results of this research will define more precisely who should be targeted for specific interventions and how the interventions should be structured to maximize their effectiveness.