Cultural Policy Under New Labour

这项研究考察了1997年至2010年三届工党政府期间的文化政策。本研究的背景如下。文化政策总是受到经济、社会和文化目标的影响。但许多评论人士认为，自上世纪80年代以来，许多公共政策越来越多地受到国家竞争力、效率和创造财富等经济理念的指导，而不是以参与、平等和多样性等社会目标为导向。在这方面，一些分析家指出，文化政策越来越多地以经济和社会目标为导向。鉴于文化政策显然是以文化目标为导向的，例如提供获得表达手段和审美物品和文物的途径，这增加了这样的传统文化政策目标可能与经济目标相冲突的可能性。这项研究调查了新工党时代这些潜在矛盾的性质，以及潜在冲突是如何谈判和理解的。我们侧重于文化政策的三个特定领域或子部门，以解决这些问题并进行比较：创意产业政策、版权政策和艺术政策。这项研究的目的和目标如下：首先，我们的目标是对1997年至2010年工党政府的文化政策进行解释性说明，强调经济、社会和文化理性之间的关系。我们寻求提供这种解释性说明的一个主要方式是确定所涉及的关键人物，并概念化限制和促进他们行动的因素。我们还试图找出主要参与者之间的主要关系--例如，可能存在什么样的社会联系和联系，例如共同的大学和就业背景，对特定政治事业和团体的忠诚等。第三个目标如下：调查将卫生和福利等其他领域的公共政策分析应用于文化政策分析的潜在成果。第四，我们旨在比较上述时期确定的文化政策的主要要素(子部门)(即创意产业、版权和艺术政策)。这意味着探索不同行业的关键人物如何追求不同的经济、社会和文化目标组合。例如，某些政策领域可能比其他领域更以经济或社会为导向(例如，版权是经济发展不可或缺的一部分，这可能意味着政策制定者强调经济目标而忽视文化目标)。最后，我们的目标是分析国家和政党在文化政策领域实现其目标所使用的技术和策略(如立法、监管和补贴)。我们设想以下潜在的应用和好处。在一个大幅削减公共开支的时代，艺术和文化部门尤其脆弱，人们普遍担心，做出此类决定的基础，或者对其他政府部门和公共政策优先事项的影响，没有得到充分的理解。这项研究将使研究人员、政策制定者和公众更好地了解文化政策与其他政策考虑之间的联系，并在这一领域受到前所未有的审查之际，更好地了解文化政策制定中包括的非国家行为者。

This research examines cultural policy during the three Labour administrations of 1997 to 2010. The CONTEXT of the research is as follows. Cultural policy has always been informed by a mixture of economic, social and cultural goals. But many commentators have argued that a great deal of public policy since the 1980s has been increasingly directed by economic rationales such as national competiveness, efficiency and wealth generation rather than by social goals such as participation, equality and diversity. In this context, some analysts have noted that cultural policy has increasingly been oriented by economic and social goals. Given that cultural policy is obviously oriented towards cultural goals, such as providing access to means of expression and to aesthetic objects and artefacts, this raises the possibility that such traditional goals of cultural policy might be in tension with economic goals. The research investigates the nature of such potential contradictions during the New Labour era, and how potential conflicts were negotiated and understood. We focus on three particular areas or sub-sectors of cultural policy in order to address these issues and to make comparisons: creative industries policy, copyright policy and arts policy. The AIMS AND OBJECTIVES of the research are as follows:Firstly, we aim to provide an explanatory account of cultural policy under the Labour government of 1997 to 2010, emphasising relationships between economic, social and cultural rationalesOne major way in which we seek to provide such an explanatory account is by identifying the key people involved, and conceptualising the factors constraining and enabling their actions. We also seek to identify the key relations between the major players - for example, what kinds of social links and ties there might be, in the form of shared university and employment backgrounds, allegiance to particular political causes and groups, etc.A third objective follows: to investigate the potential fruitfulness of applying public policy analysis developed in other areas such as health and welfare to the analysis of cultural policyFourthly, we aim to make comparisons across the major elements (sub-sectors) of cultural policy identified above (i.e., creative industries, copyright and arts policy) during this period. This means exploring how the key people in different sectors might pursue different mixes of economic, social and cultural goals. Some areas of policy may for example be more economically or socially oriented than others (copyright, for example, is integral to economic development, and this may mean that policy-makers emphasise economic goals at the expense of cultural ones). Finally, we aim to analyse the techniques and strategies (such as law-making, regulation and subsidy) that states and political parties use to pursue their goals in the realm of cultural policy.We envisage the following POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS. In an era of deep public spending cuts, with the arts and cultural sectors particularly vulnerable, there is widespread concern that the basis on which such decisions are made, or the implications for other government departments and public policy priorities, are not fully understood. This research will provide better understanding, for researchers, policy-makers and members of the public, of the links between cultural policy and other policy considerations, as well as an improved understanding of the non-state actors included in cultural policy making, at a time when this area is subject to unprecedented scrutiny.