'One by One': building the digital literacies of UK museums

数字媒体对博物馆的影响是普遍而深远的。参观和实物、收藏和展览的概念，都被50年来数字技术的存在和影响所重新编码。具有建设性的颠覆性，“数字”改变了“博物馆”的习语(Parry 2007,2010)。然而，人们普遍认识到，博物馆工作人员的数字素养仍然是继续阻碍该部门采用技术的关键挑战之一(NMC，2015；2016)。根据英国AHRC和艺术理事会Nesta(2014；2015)的说法，英国超过三分之一的博物馆仍然觉得自己没有内部技能来满足他们的数字愿望，一些数字技能领域非但没有改善，反而减少了。为了解决这个紧迫的问题，One by One项目的目的是利用跨学科的学术知识来了解如何为博物馆工作人员的数字素养提供一个变革性的框架。我们的项目建立在两年的基础研究和国际合作的基础上，以及国际社会对数字遗产研究人员的呼吁，这一呼吁被载入《巴尔的摩原则》(NMC 2016)，要求改变我们对博物馆数字培训的看法。我们的回应是将“后数字博物馆”(Parry 2013)的想法作为一个概念框架，利用人文学术来设计、经验性测试并提出替代的培训和发展方案。“逐一”是一种实践导向的研究形式，使用设计思维的协议和顺序来组织和推动其活动，行动研究作为一种方法，在英国各地的一系列本地化博物馆环境中进行一系列设计实验(干预)。在使用了一系列案例研究来回顾英国博物馆部门数字技能的技能生态系统后，我们的项目使用了一套与博物馆专业人员一起的“识字实验室”，以帮助生成博物馆数字识字的类型，以确定发展每一种数字识字的相关“激活”。在我们的六个‘数字研究员’网络的领导下，这些数字文学和激活的类型然后通过位于Amgueddfa Cymru的一系列行动研究干预措施进行测试-威尔士国家博物馆、苏格兰国家博物馆、国家陆军博物馆、皇家展馆和博物馆布莱顿和霍夫、德比博物馆信托基金和伦敦博物馆。“一个接一个”将把该项目测试阶段的结果综合成一个完善的“博物馆数字素养框架”，然后在与英国艺术理事会共同主办的一个重要的国家技能峰会上分享，以及在由FutureLearn主办的一个开放的在线专业发展资源中分享，整个博物馆部门都可以免费访问。我们的目标是在博物馆工作人员在实践中使用技术的信心和能力以及决策者对博物馆使用数字技术的认识和理解方面产生可衡量的变化。这项研究不仅将使英国的博物馆工作人员受益，也将使在文化政策、遗产和创意经济领域工作的政策制定者受益。One by One是学者、博物馆和国家文化机构之间雄心勃勃的合作，这些机构包括博物馆协会、独立博物馆协会、博物馆发展网络、英国艺术理事会、文化24、遗产彩票基金、Nesta、藏品信托基金和国家博物馆馆长会议。因此，我们的项目直接回应了新的数字和文化国务部长，他在9月22日关于博物馆的第一次重要演讲中。2016年)，呼吁博物馆利用“学术合作”，“在数字时代更好地合作”。

The impact of digital media on museums has been pervasive and profound. The notions of visit and object, collection and exhibition, have all been recoded by the presence and influence of five decades of digital technology. Constructively disruptive, 'digital' has changed the idiom of 'museum' (Parry 2007, 2010). And yet, it is widely recognised that the digital literacy of the museum workforce remains one of the key challenges continuing to impede the adoption of technology within the sector (NMC, 2015; 2016). According to Nesta, the AHRC and Arts Council England (2014; 2015), over a third of museums in the UK still feel that they do not have the in-house skills to meet their digital aspirations, and rather than improving, some digital skills areas have decreased.Addressing this pressing issue, the aim of the 'One by One' project is to leverage interdisciplinary scholarship to understand how to deliver a transformative framework for museum workforce digital literacy. Our project builds upon two years of foundation research and international collaboration, and a call by the international community of digital heritage researchers, enshrined in the 'Baltimore Principles' (NMC 2016), for a shift in the way we think about digital training in museums. Our response is to use the idea of the 'postdigital museum' (Parry 2013) as a conceptual framework in which to use humanities scholarship to design, empirically test and propose an alternative training and development provision.A form of practice-led research, 'One by One' uses the protocols and sequencing of Design Thinking to organise and drive its activities, with Action Research as the method to carry out a series of design experiments (interventions) in an array of localised museum settings across the UK. Having used a series of case studies to review the skills ecosystem for digital skills in the UK museums sector, our project uses a set of 'Literacy Labs' with museum professionals to help generate typologies of museum digital literacy to identify relevant 'activations' for developing each of these digital literacies. Led by our network of six 'Digital Fellows', these typologies of digital literacies and activation are then tested through a series of action research interventions situated in Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales, National Museums Scotland, The National Army Museum, The Royal Pavilion & Museums Brighton and Hove, Derby Museums Trust, and The Museum of London. 'One by One' will synthesise the findings of this test phase of the project into a refined 'Framework of Museum Digital Literacy', which it will then share at a major national Skills Summit co-hosted with Arts Council England, as well as in a single open online professional development resource, hosted by FutureLearn, free and accessible for the whole museum sector. We aim to produce measurable changes in the confidence and competence of the museums workforce to use technology in their practice, as well as the awareness and understanding of policy makers surrounding the use of digital in museums. This is research that will benefit not just the museum workforce in the UK, but policy makers working in the fields of cultural policy, heritage and creative economy. 'One by One' is an ambitious collaboration between academics, museums and national cultural agencies: the Museums Association; the Association of Independent Museums; the Museum Development Network; Arts Council England; Culture24; the Heritage Lottery Fund; Nesta; the Collections Trust; and the National Museums Directors' Conference. And, as such, our project responds directly to the new Minister of State for Digital and Culture, who in his first major speech on museums, 22 Sept. 2016), called for museums to harness 'academic collaboration', to 'work better together in the digital age'.