Lessons Learned from the Implementation of and Compliance with the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)

这一法律研究项目将产生三个案例研究，说明成员国在执行和遵守《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》（《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》）方面所吸取的经验教训。人类导致的物种灭绝率比非人类导致的物种灭绝率高100到1000倍（Wilson 2016），而物种灭绝的主要原因是栖息地丧失，其次是过度开发、偷猎和国际非法野生动物贸易（CITES 2016a; IUCN 2016; WWF 2017）。我们需要了解所有成员国实施和遵守CITES立法的性质和程度，以充分了解合法和非法贸易对物种生存的影响，这也将有助于启发与环境立法和治理有关的更广泛的研究空白。我将确定在CITES立法、实施和合规方面的经验教训，以便向成员国提供证据，说明如何改进自己的做法，并向其他多边环境协定通报实施和合规的方法。我将与相关利益攸关方和政策制定者广泛分享这三个案例研究的经验教训，以便为CITES立法、实施和合规以及更广泛的环境治理提供信息。我将分析学术文献和灰色文献、野生动物贸易法法律图集立法数据库和CITES的合规数据，以了解所有182个成员国对CITES立法的实施和遵守的性质和程度。在此分析的基础上，我将进行德尔菲迭代调查，然后与专家和CITES成员进行半结构化访谈，就CITES的立法、实施和合规进行访谈，以产生三个经验教训案例研究，以便为成员国提供证据，说明如何改进自己的做法，并告知其他多边环境协议的实施和合规方法。为了了解CITES立法、实施和合规方面的变化，我将与CITES国家立法项目的成员分享这三个案例研究，并在监督合规的CITES常务委员会会议上介绍我的研究结果。此外，将邀请其他全球环境公约和国际非政府组织的工作人员参加最后的传播会议，以便在更广泛的环境治理界之间交流知识。

This legal studies research project will generate three case studies of lessons learned in relation to implementation of and compliance with national legislation of member countries to the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The rate of human-induced species extinction is 100 to 1000 times higher than non-human caused extinctions (Wilson 2016) and whilst the main cause of species extinction is habitat loss - the second cause is overexploitation, poaching and the international illegal wildlife trade (CITES 2016a; IUCN 2016; WWF 2017). We need to know the nature and extent of implementation of and compliance with CITES legislation in all member countries to fully understand the impact of legal and illegal trade on species survival, which will also help to enlighten broader research gaps related to environmental legislation and governance in general. I will identify lessons learned in relation to CITES legislation, implementation and compliance in order to provide evidence to member countries as to how their own practice can be improved and to inform other multi-lateral environmental agreements of approaches to implementation and compliance. I will widely share the three case studies of lessons learned with relevant stakeholders and policy makers in order to inform changes to CITES legislation, implementation and compliance and wider environmental governance. I will analyse academic and grey literature, the Legal Atlas legislation database of wildlife trade law and compliance data from CITES to understand what is known about the nature and extent of implementation of and compliance with CITES legislation in all 182 member countries. Based upon this analysis, I will then conduct a Delphi iterative survey followed by semi-structured interviews in relation to CITES legislation, implementation and compliance with experts and CITES members to generate three case studies of lessons learned in order to provide evidence to member countries as to how their own practice can be improved and to inform other multi-lateral environmental agreements of approaches to implementation and compliance. To inform changes to CITES legislation, implementation and compliance, I will share the three case studies with the members of the CITES National Legislation Project and present my findings at a meeting of the CITES Standing Committee, which oversees compliance. Additionally, staff of other global environmental conventions and international NGOs will be invited to the final dissemination conference in an aim to exchange knowledge between the wider environmental governance community.