Lexicon of Greek Personal Names- Lower Egypt and the Fayum

该项目将创建来自埃及的希腊人名证据的权威收集，释放这些名字中包含的潜力，用于对希腊罗马埃及古代生活的各个方面进行创新研究。它是希腊人名词典（LGPN）项目的一部分，该项目涵盖了从最早的历史记录（公元前8年）到早期拜占庭时期（公元7年）的时期。LGPN不仅仅是关于名字，而是关于人。每个名字的证明持有者都包括在内。因此，它是研究社会历史大多数方面的基本工具。已出版的七卷LGPN（第八卷即将出版，第九卷正在进行中）已成为任何古代历史学家工具箱中的必备物品。通过一系列的会议和出版物，LGPN鼓励了文学学者、社会历史学家和铭文学家对专有名词的认识和研究。这九卷书将涵盖除埃及以外，从意大利到巴基斯坦的整个古希腊世界。我们计划分两个阶段解决埃及问题；第一个，即本申请的主题，是覆盖下埃及（即北部）（尼罗河三角洲）和法尤姆绿洲。我们目前估计涉及的人数约为10万人，即需要两卷约450页的开本页数。希腊-罗马埃及的历史是一部先是希腊统治，然后是罗马统治强加于顽强的古代文化的历史。命名是发生的复杂文化适应和抵制的关键证据之一。寻求在公共领域取得领先地位的埃及男性除了取埃及人的名字外，还经常取希腊名字（有时从后者“翻译”过来）；在罗马统治下，他们通常有两个希腊名字，显然是模仿罗马公民的两个（或三个）名字。相比之下，许多希腊-埃及混合名字的出现证明了文化混合被认为是理所当然的。后来，新名字成为基督教传播的一个关键但有争议的指标。埃及面临着两个特殊的挑战。首先，希腊文的证据与埃及文的证据并存。其次，由于纸莎草纸能在干燥的气候中存活下来，现有证据的数量非常丰富。我们将通过与鲁汶的埃及学网站Trismegistos （TM）的创建者合作来应对这两个挑战，该网站已经收集了大多数希腊和埃及（民间）来源证明的名字，但其形式迫切需要筛选和分类。通过特殊设计的接口导入鲁汶数据将允许比以前的卷更快的进展。这些双重策略将允许我们将看似难以管理的丰富的埃及材料以用户友好的形式包含在我们的系列出版卷中，也可以在可搜索的网站上与希腊世界的其他部分一起搜索。结果将通过两卷（列出原产地下每个名字的每个人）、网站和已建立的LGPN系列的第六卷会议加卷进行传播，专家将在该项目收集的证据的帮助下处理埃及材料所带来的文化互动和变化问题。LGPN在数字人文领域一直是一个重要的存在，最近是由于数据库的重大转换，允许基于（例如）地点、时间和状态的完全在线搜索。我们将与来自巴黎的项目合伙人Sophie Minon领导的团队合作，开发一个“语言扩展”（LGPN-Ling），它将为数据库中所有希腊名字提供完整的语言分析。我们将通过将于2018年创建的开源工具将LGPN引入链接开放数据的世界，该工具将在数字“西西里铭文”中嵌入LGPN的链接，我们将重复使用这些链接与所有其他数字铭文语料库连接。

This project will create an authoritative collection of Greek personal name evidence from Egypt, unlocking the potential contained in such names for innovative research into every aspect of ancient life in Greco-Roman Egypt. It forms part of the Lexicon of Greek Personal Names (LGPN) project which covers the period from the earliest historical records (8th c. BC) to the early Byzantine period (7th c. AD). LGPN is not just about names but about people. Every attested bearer of a name is included. It is thus a fundamental tool for research into most aspects of social history.The seven published LGPN volumes (an eighth is imminent, a ninth in progress) have established themselves among the essential items in any ancient historian's toolbox. Through a succession of conferences and publications, LGPN has encouraged a boom in onomastic awareness and research, among literary scholars and social historians as well as epigraphists. Those nine volumes will have covered the whole ancient Greek world from Italy to Pakistan, other than Egypt. We plan to tackle Egypt in two phases; the first, the subject of the present application, is to cover Lower (i.e. northern) Egypt (the Nile delta) and the Fayum oasis. Our current estimate of the number of persons involved is c. 100,000, i.e. on a scale to require two volumes of c. 450 folio pages. The history of Greco-Roman Egypt is the history of the imposition of first Greek, then Roman rule upon a tenacious ancient culture. Naming is one of the key sources of evidence for the complicated cultural accommodations and resistances that occurred. Male Egyptians seeking to get ahead in the public sphere often took a Greek name in addition to an Egyptian (sometime 'translated' from the latter); under Roman rule they often bore two Greek names, apparently in imitation of the two (or three) names borne by Roman citizens. The emergence of numerous Greco-Egyptian hybrid names by contrast attests a sense in which cultural mixing was taken for granted. Later, new names become a crucial if controversial index of the spread of Christianity. Egypt presents two special challenges. First, evidence in Greek here co-exists with that in Egyptian demotic. Second, because of the survival of papyri in a dry climate, the quantity of evidence available is uniquely abundant. We will meet both challenges by collaboration with the creators of Leuven's Egyptological website Trismegistos (TM), which has already collected most of the names attested in Greek and Egyptian (demotic) sources, but in a form which urgently requires sifting and sorting. Importing the Leuven data through a specially designed interface will allow much rapider progress than in previous volumes. These twin strategies will allow us to include the seemingly unmanageably copious Egyptian material in user-friendly form within our series of published volumes, and also on the searchable website along with the rest of the Greek world.Results will be disseminated via the two volumes (listing every bearer of every name under place of origin), the website, and a sixth conference-plus-volume in the established LGPN series, at which experts will tackle the issues of cultural interaction and change posed by the Egyptian material with the aid of the evidence collected by the project.LGPN has always been an important presence in the field of Digital Humanities, most recently since a major conversion of the database to allow full online searching on the basis of (e.g.) location, time, and status. In collaboration with a team led by Project Partner Sophie Minon of Paris we will develop a 'linguistic extension' (LGPN-Ling) which will provide a full linguistic analysis of all Greek names in the database. We will launch LGPN into the world of Linked Open Data via an open source tool, to be created in 2018, which will embed links to LGPN in the digital 'Inscriptions of Sicily' and which we will re-use to link up with all other digital epigraphic corpora.