Church, state, and the building of Ireland's south coast cities: Cork and Waterford, c. 1935-1965

这个项目将分析国家和宗教团体如何在20世纪中期科克和沃特福德的规划和管理中相互作用。它将对爱尔兰与城市现代性的独特接触以及爱尔兰在分析现代欧洲城市历史中宗教的核心重要性提出理论上的丰富理解。通过关注城市规划计划，该项目将为国际趋势--花园城市、贫民窟清理、道路计划--如何在爱尔兰扎根提供新的线索。反过来，这两个城市都被改造成了新的郊区、教堂和学校--包括科克，这是自解放以来教堂建设最密集的时期。该项目始于20世纪40年代的城市规划方案，规划者提议在这两个城市进行大量未执行的拆除。它以20世纪60年代中期的主要住房计划和新教堂结束。这两个城市目前都在经历快速的城市扩张，在最近的政府报告《爱尔兰2040计划》中，这两个城市被指定在未来20年内人口增长60%。然而，这份文件对历史反思的论述非常少。这个项目将解决我们知识中的这一差距。它将围绕三个不同的主题展开。首先，它将探索20世纪中期的城市规划。其次，它将调查这两个城市的城市治理，特别是关注城市管理者、民选议员和工程师的行为。它将研究他们在建造新住宅区方面的决策过程，以及他们在提供新教堂和学校方面与天主教领袖的互动。第三，它将通过研究这些主要宗教人物--主教、牧师、修道会--的观点，通过研究他们出版的文献、与市政官员的谈判、筹款和土地购买。五个研究问题将是：a.20世纪中期城市规划者是如何设想爱尔兰的地方城市的？科克和沃特福德的广泛城镇规划将与世俗和宗教领袖的信件一起审查。这将包括最近编目的地方政府部门关于科克的文件，科克和沃特福德地方档案馆的丰富材料，以及天主教教区文件。在这些城市的管理中，国家和宗教权力之间的关系是什么？神圣和世俗群体之间的城市权力平衡从来都不是没有争议的或单向的，这将通过对档案信件的分析来探索。它将探索教会在城市规划方面的观点，如《犁沟》、《轮胎报》、《克利斯图斯雷克斯》和报纸。它将质疑谁在撰写关于城市的文章，他们有什么想法，以及他们如何看待爱尔兰的城市未来。有关兴建新屋苑、教堂和学校的决定是如何作出的？我们将利用议会和教区档案，探讨规划和兴建新屋苑、教堂和学校的过程。我们将研究修女会档案中的材料，他们在这两个城市建造了学校，并将使用与居民、前规划者和城市官员的口头访谈。爱尔兰城市历史如何解释爱尔兰与现代性的独特接触？E.宗教如何(重新)融入现代欧洲城市规划的历史？我们将把20世纪中期爱尔兰的城市经历置于欧洲学术范围内，特别关注城市中的宗教。我们还将讨论研究爱尔兰城市的重要性，以寻求了解现代欧洲城市历史中宗教历史的复杂性。我们将与沃特福德珍宝博物馆合作，创建一个关于沃特福德城市发展的公开展览和研讨会。我们还将主办一个研讨会，作为科克市议会“软木塞对话”系列公共活动的一部分。

This project will analyse how state and religious groups interacted in the planning and governing of Cork and Waterford in the mid-20th century. It will propose a theoretically rich understanding of Ireland's distinctive engagement with urban modernity and Ireland's central importance in the analysis of religion in modern European urban history. In focusing on town planning schemes, the project will shed new light on how international trends - garden cities, slum clearances, road schemes - found roots in Ireland. Both cities in turn were transformed with new suburbs, churches, and schools - including in the case of Cork the most intense period of church building since Emancipation. The project begins with the 1940s town planning schemes, where planners proposed substantial - unexecuted - demolition in both cities. It ends with the major housing schemes and new churches of the mid-1960s.Both cities are currently undergoing rapid urban expansion and are earmarked in the recent government report, 'Project Ireland 2040', for population growths of 60% over the next 20 years. Yet this document is remarkably light on historical reflections. This project will address this gap in our knowledge. It will proceed with three separate themes. First, it will explore mid-twentieth century town planning. Second, it will investigate the urban governance of both cities, focusing in particular on the actions of city managers, elected councillors, and engineers. It will study their decision-making processes in the building of new housing estates and their interactions with Catholic leaders in the provision of new churches and schools. Third, it will consider the perspective of these leading religious figures - bishops, priests, orders - by a study of their published literature, negotiations with city officials, fund-raising, and land purchases.The five research questions will be:a. How were provincial Irish cities imagined by town planners in the mid-twentieth century?The extensive town plans for Cork and Waterford will be examined, alongside correspondence from secular and religious leaders. This will include recently catalogued Department of Local Government papers for Cork, the rich material in the Cork and Waterford local archives, and Catholic diocesan papers.b. What was the relationship between state and religious power in the governing of these cities?The balance of urban power between sacred and secular groups was never uncontested or unidirectional, and this will be explored through an analysis of archival correspondence. It will explore the church's perspective on town planning in publications such as The Furrow, Muintir na Tire, Christus Rex, and newspapers. It will question who was writing about cities, what ideas they had, and how they saw the Irish urban future.c. How were decisions made about the building of new housing estates, churches and schools?We will use council and diocesan archives to explore the process by which new housing estates, churches and schools were planned and built. We will research material in the archives of the Presentation Sisters order, who built schools in both cities, and will use oral interviews with residents, former planners and city officials.d. How can Irish urban history explain Ireland's distinctive engagement with modernity?e. How can religion be (re)integrated into the history of modern European town planning?We will situate the Irish urban experience of the mid-20th century within European scholarship, with a particular focus on religion in the city. We will also argue the importance of studying Irish cities in seeking to understand the complexity of religious history within modern European urban history.In collaboration with the Waterford Museum of Treasures we will create a public exhibition and workshop on Waterford's urban development. We will also host a workshop as part of the Cork City Council 'Cork Conversations' series of public events.