STRUCTURAL CHANGES WITH AGE AND DISEASE IN BONE MINERAL

我们试图了解发生的化学和结构变化 在骨骼矿物的分子结构中，以及它与 有机基质，从开始到成熟和老化。这些变化 在骨化学中影响骨作为一种材料的质量(机械 支持)和作为离子储存库(生理作用)。基准线 对正常骨骼变化的研究将被用来评估对 骨组织在各种病理条件下，如骨质疏松， 骨质疏松症、骨质疏松症和软骨病。为了克服生物性的 组织异质性的问题我们会将组织颗粒分离 根据密度，从而制备出更均匀的材料 关于成熟阶段。分数从最年轻的 沉积到最成熟矿物中的矿物颗粒将被研究。 此外，我们将使用各种矿物质含量已知的动物组织 沉积和再吸收。最后，我们将脱矿或脱蛋白 组织分别研究矿物质和有机成分。至 克服因体积小、数量多而带来的物理问题 矿物颗粒中的杂质我们将使用一种新的组合 开发了探测原子的短程和长程有序的技术 这些微晶以及它们与有机基质的关系。 除了经典的化学、结晶学、电子光学和 光谱分析，我们将使用径向分布函数(RDF)， 扩展X射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)和拉曼微探针 技巧。这些分析将提供对主要 钙化和老化过程中的结构化学和生物事件 骨组织。我们将充分利用资源和专业知识 西奈山医院结缔组织研究组的工作人员 该集团正在积极研究生物矿化的其他方面 使用涉及解剖病理学、蛋白多糖生物化学、 物理化学和X射线结晶学。

We seek to understand the chemical and structural changes which take place in the molecular structure of bone mineral and in its interaction with the organic matrix, from inception through maturation and aging. These changes in bone chemistry influence the quality of bone as a material (mechanical support) and as an ion reservoir (physiological role). The baseline studies of changes in normal bones will be used to assess any effects on bone fabric in various pathological conditions such as osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, ostemalacia, and rickets. To overcome the biological problem of tissue heterogeneity we will fractionate tissue particles according to density and thus prepare material that is more homogeneous with respect to stage of maturation. Fractions ranging from the youngest mineral particles deposited to the most mature mineral will be studied. Furthermore, we will use various animal tissues with known rates of mineral deposition and resorption. Finally we will demineralize or deproteinize the tissue to study separately the mineral and organic components. To overcome the physical problems caused by the small size and multiple impurities of the mineral particles we will use a combination of newly developed techniques to probe the short- and long-range atomic order of these crystallites as well as their relationship with the organic matrix. In addition to classical chemical, crystallographic, electron optic, and spectroscopic analyses, we will use Radial Distribution Functions (RDF), Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), and Raman microprobe techniques. These analyses will provide a unique description of the main structural chemical and biological events in calcification and aging of bone tissues. We will make full use of the resources and professional personnel in the Connective Tissue Research Group, Mount Sinai Hospital, a group which is actively investigating other aspects of biomineralization using approaches involving anatomical pathology, proteoglycan biochemistry, physical chemistry and x-ray crystallography.