RCUK-CIAT Newton Fund: Physiological characterization of heat-tolerant bean genotypes in simulated future environments

3.4在农村地区，有1000万埃塞俄比亚人从事初级农业生产，典型的工资每天不到4美元。普通豆类是农村穷人饮食中蛋白质和矿物质营养的主要来源，但气候脆弱性和冲突后从非法作物向粮食作物的过渡意味着需要迅速向新的地区和种植者引进气候适应性强的豆类品种。因为气温上升预计将对哥伦比亚适合种植豆类的地区产生非常重大的影响。在以前的育种工作中已经鉴定了少数高度耐热的菜豆基因型，并且建议将来自这些主要来源的耐热性状育种成具有广泛接受和吸收所需的所有其他特征的品种。目前，将耐热性与其它性状联合收割机结合的主要方法是在通常达到热胁迫阈值的田间选择育种系。这个过程需要数年时间，耐热性可能会被选择环境中同时起作用的其他环境因素所掩盖。这里提出的研究涉及在模拟哥伦比亚目标地区未来气候（包括二氧化碳水平升高）的受控条件下，对现有耐热和易感豆类的生长和发育进行详细评估。通过详细查明敏感品系的脆弱性并展示避免产量损失的耐受性机制，未来将有可能使用更有针对性的选择标准进行耐热性育种，从而缩短育种周期并更快地交付气候智能型大豆品种。随着培育新耐热品种的技术的开发，该研究还将利用若干设想方案中关于当前和预计土地使用、粮食供应和价格的社会经济数据，审查在新地区和新种植者采用豆类作为作物的潜在经济影响。它将进一步评估耐热大豆品种的潜在经济价值，以及在一系列采用情景下基础研究的回报率。气候和作物科学的结合旨在更有效地为未来气候进行育种，并对气候变化的社会经济条件进行研究。有弹性的豆类品种可以获得显著的社会投资回报，这为完善研究议程以最大限度地发挥其现实影响提供了机会。

3.4 million Colombians are employed in primary agricultural production in rural areas on typical wages of less than four dollars per day. Common beans are a major source of protein and mineral nutrition in the diets of the rural poor, but climate vulnerabilities and the post-conflict transition from illicit to food crops mean that rapid introduction of climate-resilient bean varieties to new areas and growers are required.This study will focus on heat tolerance, as rising temperatures have been predicted to impact very significantly on the areas of Colombia suitable for bean cultivation. A small number of highly heat tolerant bean genotypes have been identified in previous breeding work, and it is proposed to breed the heat tolerance trait from these primary sources into varieties with all the other characteristics needed for widespread acceptance and uptake. At present, the principal means to combine heat tolerance with other traits is via selection of breeding lines in field sites where stressful heat thresholds are normally reached. This process takes years and heat tolerance can be masked by other environmental factors simultaneously at play in the selection environment. The research proposed here involves detailed assessments of the growth and development of existing heat tolerant and susceptible beans under controlled conditions simulating future climates in target regions of Colombia including elevated carbon dioxide levels. By pinpointing in detail the vulnerabilities of susceptible lines and demonstrating mechanisms of tolerance that avoid yield losses, it will be possible in the future to breed for heat tolerance using better targeted selection criteria that will result in shorter breeding cycles and more rapid delivery of climate-smart bean varieties.As the technologies for breeding new heat-tolerant varieties is developed, the study will also examine the potential economic impact of adoption of beans as a crop in new areas and by new growers, using socio-economic data on current and projected land use, food supply and price in a number of scenarios. It will further appraise the potential economic value of heat-tolerant bean varieties and the rate of return on the underpinning research under a range of adoption scenarios.The alignment of climate and crop science aimed at more effective breeding for future climates with a socio-economic study of the conditions under which climate-resilient bean varieties can reap significant societal return on investment affords opportunities for the research agenda to be refined to maximise its real-world impact.