BLOOD IN CONTACT WITH NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL SURFACES

大约40年前，当聚合物化学家、物理学家和工程师开始 意识到需要一种可以植入的假肢装置 安全地进入血流，血管壁似乎只使用 维持体内血液流动性的简单性质很少。 对这些性质的简单探索得到了相应的简单答案， 所以我们创造了大量的材料来模仿简单的血管 然后，生物学家和血液学家注意到， 在体外，与这些材料接触的血液被激发反应， 各种各样的方式。 可见反应：纤维蛋白形成、血小板粘附， 血小板的铺展和聚集、特异性粘附和铺展 白色血细胞每一个都可能发生，现在每一个都似乎是由 在界面处特异性快速的血浆蛋白相互作用。 九年 前，目前的3个赞助商中的2个组织了一次类似的会议， 现已提出。 结果出版物（Ann N.Y. Acad. Sci.第283页 1-560. 1977）包含的理论，例如关于蛋白质构象， 因为导致硬数据;它包含数据，例如关于物质 影响血小板，现在应用于临床;但它也含有 错误的陈述。 人们开始意识到， 诸如人工心脏的装置的植入引发了巨大的 可能由最小内皮损伤或蛋白质引起的事件网络 几秒钟内的吸附和相互作用，细胞和组织的变化， 免疫反应、血栓形成、栓子形成和死亡， 个月 因此，虽然1977年年鉴被广泛使用，但它已经过时了。 新 工具正在更深入地探索更广泛的特殊领域， 需要努力协调新的数据和理论， 纯粹物理学家的工作和执业外科医生的工作。 新的Annal 这将导致从会议建议在这里应该提供一个更好的 指导继续寻找血液相容性生物材料。

About 40 years ago, when polymer chemists, physicists and engineers began to realize there was a need for prosthetic devices that can be implanted safely into the blood stream, the blood vessel wall appeared to use only very few simple properties for maintaining the fluidity of blood in vivo. Simple probes for these properties yielded correspondingly simple answers, so that a host of materials was created to imitate the simple vascular properties found. Then, biologists and hematologists noticed that in vitro, blood in contact with these materials was provoked to react in a variety of ways. Visible reactions: fibrin formation, platelet adhesion, platelet spreading and aggregation, adhesion and spreading of specific white blood cells each could occur, and each now appears to result from specific, rapid plasma protein interactions at the interface. Nine years ago, 2 of the present 3 sponsors organized a conference similar to the one now proposed. The resulting publication (Ann N.Y. Acad. Sci. 283, pp 1-560. 1977) contains theories, e.g. concerning protein conformation, that since led to hard data; and it contains data, e.g. concerning substances affecting platelets, that are now applied clinically; but it also contains erroneous statements. The realization is beginning to evolve, that implantation of a device such as an artificial heart, initiates a vast network of events that may lead from minimal endothelial damage or protein adsorption and interactions within seconds, to cellular and tissue changes, immune reactions, thrombosis, embolus formation and death in days or months. Thus, while the 1977 Annal is widely used, it is outdated. New tools are probing deeper into a wider range of special fields, and renewed efforts are required to coordinate the new data and theories ranging from the work of pure physicists to that of practicing surgeons. The new Annal that will result from the meeting proposed here should provide a better guide in the continued search for blood compatible biomaterials.