LEGAL & ETHICAL ISSUES RAISED BY THE GENOME PROJECT

在1988年的报告《绘制我们的基因》中， 认识到将出现的广泛的道德和法律的问题， 从人类基因组的绘制和测序中： 所有人都对社会和伦理道德有着切身利益。 对人类基因组进行定位和测序的意义。. .这些延伸 超越科学效率的考虑，并涉及 患者、研究对象、医生、学者、律师， 企业家和政治家。. .这些问题很复杂， 不太可能在不久的将来得到解决。 因此将 有必要确保一些明确解决问题的手段， 参加科学工作。 随着科学工作的进行，我们必须开始思考 认真仔细地讨论一系列广泛的问题， 由基因组计划提出。 其中一些广泛的领域包括 商业申请，专利和商标法，就业，保险， 生殖和医学的临床实践。 尽管在科学文献中已经有很多关于 关于基因组，关于这个问题的法律的著作很少。 一个重要 出发点是对众多的法律的，社会的， 基因组计划引发的政治和伦理问题。 一旦这些 确定并概述了广泛的领域，然后进行下一步分析 政策的制定可以开始。 拟议项目将进一步 这些目标通过专业和学术的互动，公众 教育，并准备有价值的文件。

In its 1988 report, Mapping Our Genes, the Office of Technology Assessment recognized the wide range of ethical and legal issues which will arise from mapping and sequencing the human genome: All human beings have a vital interest in the social and ethical implications of mapping and sequencing the human gemone. . . These extend beyond considerations of scientific efficiency and involve the interest of patients, research subjects, physicians, academicians, lawyers, entrepreneurs, and politicians. . . These questions are complex and are not likely to be resolved in the near future. It will therefore be necessary to ensure that some means for explicity addressing issues attends scientific work. As scientific work proceeds, it is imperative that we begin to think seriously and carefully about the broad array of issues certain to be raised by the genome projects. Some of these broad areas include commercial applications, patent and trademark law, employment, insurance, reproduction, and the clinical practice of medicine. Although much has been written in the scientific literature about the genome, there is very little legal writing on the subject. An important starting point is to get an overview of the numerous legal, social, political, and ethical issues raised by the genome project. Once these broad areas are identified and outlined, then the next steps of analysis and policy formulations can begin. The proposed project would further these goals through professional and scholarly interaction, public education, and the preparation of valuable documents.