Combining Viewpoints in Quantum Theory (Ext.)

这是联谊会的延伸：结合量子理论中的观点。量子硬件本质上由我们可以控制的小型量子力学系统组成，用于使自然比任何经典硬件更有效地解决某些问题，甚至以与经典硬件完全不可能的方式进行交流。量子技术的大规模部署显然将改变我们的社会。这场革命的主要困难之一是学习量子软件高级编程的陡峭曲线。最根本的两难境地直指量子力学反直觉的核心：你一次只能从一个经典观点提取量子系统的数据。要了解更多关于该系统的信息，您需要结合来自多个经典观点的测量结果。但与此同时，量子计算机之所以比经典计算机强大得多，正是因为量子程序员能够在不同的经典观点之间进行工作和切换。该联谊会建立了一个形式框架，在该框架中，量子系统和经典观点在同一类别中处于平等的地位，并研究了它们之间的动力学关系。在这一成功的基础上，延期将把这些根本成果转化为更实际的好处。首先，我们将通过最小化经典观点的开关数量来优化量子计算，以一种使量子计算尽可能便宜的方式，同时首先使编程尽可能直观。这将在三个行业标准的量子编程平台中实施。其次，我们将扩展框架以考虑空间方面，让我们以现实的方式指定分布式量子通信协议，并允许新的协议。这将促进我们对自然的理论理解。与此同时，它将使量子协议和算法的设计更容易为非专业程序员所接受，从而带来实际好处。

This is an extension of the Fellowship: Combining Viewpoints in Quantum Theory.Quantum hardware essentially consists of small quantum-mechanical systems that we can control, used to make nature solve certain problems much more efficiently than any classical hardware could, or even communicate in ways that were plain impossible with classical hardware. Large-scale deployment of quantum technology will clearly transform our society.One of the main difficulties with this revolution is the steep learning curve to high-level programming of quantum software. The most fundamental dilemma runs straight to the heart of the counterintuitiveness of quantum mechanics: you can only extract data from a quantum system from one classical viewpoint at a time. To learn more about the system, you need to combine measurements from multiple classical viewpoints. But at the same time, quantum computers are so much more powerful than classical ones precisely because of quantum programmers are able to work in, and switch between, different classical viewpoints.The Fellowship has established a formal framework in which quantum systems and classical viewpoints live on an equal footing in a single category, and studied the dynamical relationships between them. Building on this success, the extension will turn these fundamental results into more practical benefits. First, we will optimise quantum computations by minimising the number of switches of classical viewpoint, in a way that makes the quantum computation as cheap as possible, while at the same time making it as intuitive as possible to program in the first place. This will be implemented in three industry standard quantum programming platforms. Second, we will extend the framework to take spatial aspects into account, to let us specify distributed quantum communication protocols in a realistic way, and allow new ones. This will advance our theoretical understanding of nature. At the same time, it will have practical benefits by making the design of quantum protocols and algorithms more accessible to non-specialist programmers.