CENTRAL CONTROL OF SPEECH AND VOICE PRODUCTION AND PERCEPTION

研究绘制了两个部位肌肉的皮质代表图 在正常志愿者的每个半球的喉侧使用 经颅磁刺激仍在继续。左侧的肌肉和 右侧可受到皮质刺激的刺激 半球。在一些正常志愿者中， 左侧喉肌大于右侧。 旨在检测正常志愿者大脑激活模式的研究 在语音和语音活动中使用正电子发射断层扫描 还在继续。我们的目标是确定不同声音在多大程度上 言语和语言任务在左半球占主导地位。过氧化氢15O 这项技术被用来估计非常短的时间内的血流量 时间，大约40秒。八项研究正在进行中 与主题的会话，以比较任务之间的激活模式。 统计参数映射已被用于一个初步的分析 一小群正常的右撇子和右撇子口吃者。 在控制组中，在哼唱和口语非言语动作中， 下半球有轻微的左半球优势。 枕叶皮质和颞叶上回(Heschl‘s) 在哼唱和口舌运动中的激活与 胡言乱语或胡言乱语，表现出更大的活跃度 左翼在阿特罗-罗兰迪奇地区。标有右-左半球 然而，只有在基于语言的任务中才能注意到差异，例如 说明性演讲或句子结构。正常对照组的 在涉及语言的过程中主要激活左半球 在对慢性成人的初步分析中没有看到语言 口吃者。其他流利和不流利的受试者正在接受测试 以确定更详细的分析是否将继续支持这些 趋势。

Studies mapping the cortical representation of the muscles on the two sides of the larynx in each hemisphere in normal volunteers using transcranial magnetic stimulation have continued. Muscles on the left and right sides can be stimulated by cortical stimulation in either hemisphere. In some normal volunteers, the area of representation of the laryngeal muscles was greater in the left than in the right hemisphere. Studies aimed at examining brain activation patterns in normal volunteers during speech and voice activities using Positron Emission Tomography are continuing. Our aim is to determine the degree to which different voice, speech and language tasks are dominant in the left hemisphere. The H215O technique is being used to estimate blood flow over very brief periods of time, approximately 40 seconds. Eight studies are being conducted in one session with a subject, to compare activation patterns across tasks. Statistical Parametric Mapping has been used for initial analysis of a small group of normal right handed controls and right handed stutterers. In the controls, during humming and oral-lingual non-speech movements, a slight left hemisphere predominance has been found in the inferior rolandic cortex and the superior temporal (Heschl's) gyrus over rest. Activation during humming and oral- lingual movements, when compared with gibberish or nonsense speech, demonstrated somewhat greater activity on the left in the antero-Rolandic area. Marked right-left hemispheric differences, however, were only noted during language based tasks such as expository speech or sentence construction. Normal controls' predominantly left hemisphere brain activation during speech involving language was not been seen in preliminary analyses of chronic adult stutterers. Additional fluent and non- fluent subjects are being tested to determine if more detailed analyses will continue to support these trends.