Normative Challenges to International Society: rising powers and global responses

这些研讨会的目的是为讨论一个在全球政治中具有重大意义的问题提供一个论坛，即：权力从西方向东方的转移可能对国际社会的价值观和规范产生什么影响？人们经常说，21世纪将是亚洲世纪。中国的经济现在是世界第二大经济体。据预测，中国将在几十年内达到与美国平起平坐的水平，最近的一篇文章表明，到2030年，中国将超过美国。处于其阴影之下但仍在崛起的是印度。印度已经是世界第九大经济体，预计到同年将进入前五名。在此期间，2007年《世界经济展望》的一份报告预计，全球能源需求将增长50%，其中中国和印度将占增长的45%。凭借更强大的经济实力和全球能源需求，评论人士预计，印度和中国将希望在世界事务中拥有更大的影响力。问题是：什么样的影响？过去两个世纪见证了主要以西方思想和价值观为蓝本的全球国际组织和机构体系的创建。当英国在19世纪取得霸主地位时，它推动了反奴隶制规范和国际法的发展。在上个世纪，美国主张自决和非殖民主义。如果以历史为鉴，全球权力向东方的转移很可能会对国际社会的规范产生深远的影响。因此，了解中国和印度对中国社会的态度，以及它们所倡导的规范，对于推论未来几十年将盛行何种形式的秩序和正义理想，具有至关重要的意义。虽然大多数评论人士关注的是亚洲大国崛起的经济影响，但他们提出的理念对全球政治结果也将非常重要。重点考虑的问题包括：崛起中的大国过去是如何改变国际社会的规范基础的：这是否为未来如何在不发生冲突的情况下融合新的或不同的理念提供了经验教训？中国和印度对国际社会的看法：他们希望推动的价值观和规范有哪些明显的相似和不同之处？亚洲价值观的理念有意义吗？这对政策有何影响？现代世界权力的本质--中国或印度能在不扩大软实力资源的情况下发挥影响力吗？经济和军事力量如何转化为规范性力量？全球政治的结构：国际政治的体制框架面临哪些规范性挑战，国际社会可能如何应对？这些问题将通过三个为期一天的研讨会来解决。第一本书探讨了管理新兴大国抱负的历史记录，并试图确定中国和印度对国际社会的态度。第二部分考察了他们对该社会面临的规范性挑战的看法，包括美国例外的遗产、深化的国际刑法和新的地区主义。第三个问题着眼于国际社会如何应对这些挑战，改革全球机构，调整民间社会，使之包容非西方价值观。研讨会参与者将包括外交官、非政府组织、记者和学者。将通过提前提交论文以及在网上论坛上进行分析和辩论，促进和继续在丛书之外进行讨论。该项目的独创性在于，它将中国与印度进行比较，明确了规范重点，促进了非西方和西方外交官和学者之间的对话，在理论上雄心勃勃地纳入了不同问题、不同地区、不同国家和组织的专家，以及接受了方法多元化。在处理具有国家和全球重大意义的问题方面，该系列活动也是及时和相关的。

The purpose of these seminars is to provide a forum for discussion on a question of major significance in global politics, namely: what effect are shifts in power from West to East likely to have on the values and norms of international society?It is often said the 21st century will be the Asian century. China's economy is now the second largest in the world. It is predicted to reach parity with the United States in a few decades, with a recent article suggesting it will overtake them by 2030. In its shadow but still ascendant is India. Already the 9th largest economy in the world, India is predicted to be in the top-five by the same year. In that time, a 2007 World Economic Outlook report sees global energy needs rising by 50% with China and India accounting for 45% of the increase. With their greater economic power, and the global reach of their energy needs, commentators expect India and China to want to have a larger influence in world affairs. The question is: what kind of influence? The last two centuries have seen the creation of a global system of international organisations and institutions modelled largely on Western ideas and values. When Britain achieved primacy in the nineteenth century, it promoted the anti-slavery norm and international law. In the last century, the U.S. advocated self-determination and decolonisation. If history is a guide, the shift in global power to the East is likely to have a profound effect on the norms of international society. Understanding Chinese and Indian attitudes to that society, and the norms they promote, is therefore of fundamental importance to theorising what forms of order and ideals of justice will prevail in the coming decades. While most commentators focus on the economic implications of the rise of Asian powers, the ideas they advance will also be hugely important to global political outcomes.Key points of consideration include:How rising powers have altered the normative basis of international society in the past: does this provide lessons for the future about how to incorporate new or different ideas without conflict?Chinese and Indian views of international society: what similarities and differences are apparent in the values and norms they wish to promote? Is the idea of Asian values meaningful? What are the policy implications? The nature of power in the modern world - can China or India exert influence without first expanding their soft power resources? How does economic and military power translate into normative force?The structure of global politics: what normative challenges do the institutional frameworks of international politics face and how might the international community respond?These questions will be addressed over three one day workshops. The first explores the historical record on managing the aspirations of rising powers and seeks to identify Chinese and Indian attitudes to international society. The second examines their views on normative challenges to that society, including the legacy of the American exception, deepening international criminal law, and the new regionalism. The third looks at how the international community could respond to these challenges, reforming global institutions and adapting civil society to encompass non-Western values. Seminar participants will include diplomats, NGOs, and journalists as well as academics. Discussion will be promoted and continued outside the series via the submission of papers in advance and analysis and debate in web forums online. The project's originality lies in the explicitly normative focus of its comparison between China and India, its promotion of dialogue between non-Western and Western diplomats and academics, the theoretically ambitious inclusion of specialists on different issues, regions, countries and organisations, and its embrace of methodological pluralism. The series is also timely and relevant in engaging with an issue of major national and global importance.