Right Wing Extremism in Contemporary Europe

拟议的系列研讨会旨在从历史、社会、文化和政治角度加强我们对当代欧洲右翼极端主义的理解。需要增强知识来自最近的选举胜利的极端右翼政党在2009年欧洲议会选举(的极端右翼政党赢得了超过10%的选票在荷兰,奥地利和比利时和罗马尼亚保加利亚和近10%),在国家议会(金色黎明了7%的选票,2012年6月在希腊,但站在当前的民意调查的两倍,正统芬兰人党获得19%在芬兰,2011)。此外，最近的极端右翼恐怖主义事件（挪威和德国）以及草根行动主义（例如，捍卫英语联盟（EDL）、Casa Pound等）的知名度不断提高，也提高了公众和政策对极右翼的认识，这也是必要的。其中许多运动日益具有跨国性质。拟议的研究系列研讨会的前提是，这些政治趋势在欧洲某些地区占据优势，但不一定是“新的”。它拒绝将这些政党和运动日益增长的知名度和在选举中的存在归因于1989年后欧洲重构所带来的民族主义的复苏，也拒绝任何关于政治文化历史连续性的简单论点。这些运动有时会借鉴法西斯或纳粹党过去的遗产，但也有证据表明，新的民粹主义修辞，其中伊斯兰恐惧症和对“土著”权利的捍卫是突出的。这些开始的前提标志着一个独特的跨学科立场，从历史和社会科学的方法和方法的交织中出现，以及避免诱惑的愿望，以促进“道德恐慌”的循环或对这种现象的鲁莽的政策反应。该系列研讨会的主要学术目标是提供一种诚实和批判性的理解，以了解极右运动在捕捉全欧洲人民政治想象力方面的潜力，以及他们如何做到这一点的不断变化的模式。该系列研讨会旨在建立学术研究界与极右运动研究的非学术使用者之间的对话和扩大联系。该系列活动将吸引来自国家和地方政府、独立智库、警察、安全部门、监狱和缓刑服务部门以及一系列国家和欧洲非政府组织的非学术参与者。这里的一个关键问题是，通过询问政府是否应该只关注被认为构成恐怖威胁的团体，或者合法组成的政党是否也是一个合法的关注对象，来为学术界、政策界和实践者社区定义利害攸关的问题。讨论会将直接讨论在这种政策辩论和实际反应中可能利用学术研究的问题。拟议的系列包括六个主题为重点的为期一天的研讨会，探讨：极右翼运动兴起的经典解释（政治脱离，社会不平等和经济衰退的影响，对“多元文化主义”的反弹以及伊斯兰恐怖主义话语引起的恐惧）；大众文化在极右情感表达中的作用青年对极右思想和运动的接受程度；极右翼研究的方法论和伦理问题；以及与决策者和实践者进行学术合作的经验和前景。

The proposed seminar series seeks to enhance our understanding of contemporary right wing extremism in Europe from historical, social, cultural and political perspectives. The need for such enhanced knowledge arises from the recent electoral success of extreme right wing parties both in the 2009 European parliamentary elections (in which extreme right wing political parties won over 10% of the vote in the Netherlands, Austria and Bulgaria and almost 10% in Belgium and Romania) and in national parliaments (Golden Dawn took 7% of the vote in Greece in June 2012 but stand at double that in current public opinion polls, the True Finns took 19% in Finland, 2011). It is also necessitated by growing public and policy awareness of the extreme right, which has been heightened, in addition, by recent incidents of extreme right wing terrorism (Norway and Germany) and the growing visibility of grassroots activism (for example, the English Defence League (EDL), Casa Pound etc). Many of these movements increasingly have a transnational dimension.The proposed research seminar series starts from the premise that these political trends are in ascendance in some parts of Europe but not necessarily 'new'. It rejects any convenient ascription of the growing visibility and electoral presence of such political parties and movements to the resurgence of nationalism associated with the post-1989 reconfiguration of Europe or any simple argument for historical continuity in political culture.These movements sometimes draw on past legacies of fascist or Nazi parties but there is also evidence of new populist tropes among which Islamophobia and the defence of 'indigenous' rights are prominent. These starting premises signal a distinctive cross-discipinary stance, emerging out of the interweaving of approaches and methodologies from History and the Social Sciences, as well as a desire to avoid the temptation to contribute to a cycle of 'moral panic' or precipitous policy reaction to the phenomenon. The primary academic objective of the seminar series is envisaged, rather, as to provide an honest and critical understanding of the potential of extreme right movements to capture the political imagination of people across Europe and the shifting modalities of how they may do this. The seminar series aims to forge dialogue and extend connections between the academic research community and non-academic users of research on extreme right movements. The series will draw non-academic participants from national and local government, independent think tanks, police, security services, the prison and probation services and a range of national and European NGOs. A key question here relates to defining the issue at stake for academic, policy and practitioner communities by asking whether governments should be concerned only with groups perceived to pose a threat of terror, or whether legally constituted parties are also a legitimate object of attention. The seminar will address directly the question of the potential use of academic research in such policy debates and practical responses. The proposed series consists of six thematically focused one-day seminars exploring: classic explanations of the rise of extreme right movements (political disengagement, social inequality and the impact of economic recession, the backlash to 'multiculturalism' and fears arising from discourses of Islamic terrorism); the role of popular culture in signifying extreme right affectivity; youth receptivity to extreme right ideologies and movements; methodological and ethical issues arising from researching the extreme right; and the experience of and prospects for academic collaboration with policy-makers and practitioners.