Brexit, trade, migration and higher education

Brexit是一个前所未有的发展，几乎涉及英国高等教育（HE）的每个领域，以及一系列可能的形式和后果，为英国高等教育机构，具有显着的差异影响潜力（例如，在研究能力，国际学生，人员配备，使命，收入）在高等教育机构类型的变化。尽管英国脱欧有多种可能的形式，但任何形式都可能扰乱现有的项目、网络和活动，并可能意味着部分或所有高等院校的教职员工、学生和/或收入大幅减少。它还要求在海岸内外建立新的和创新的以机构和学科为基础的发展路线。在一个以多种可能性和突然冲击为特征的不确定和快速变化的环境中，高等院校将被要求以前所未有的速度和效率进行监测、应对、调整、制定战略、重新定位和启动;在欧洲和其他地区建立新的关系和活动组合;并努力应对人力资源管理、风险管理、财务可持续性、使命、治理和地方实施系统等方面的新挑战。本研究调查了英国退欧对英国高等教育的政策影响、实施和后果，涉及经济和社会研究理事会确定的两个优先领域：英国脱欧对移民的影响，以及对经济和未来贸易安排的影响。英国高等教育机构（HEIs）广泛参与欧洲，在这一领域，与欧盟的关系无疑是积极和富有成效的。虽然有一系列可能的Brexit方案，英国高等教育是密切受Brexit相关的政策设置为员工流动性，保留和招聘（“移民”）;国际学生的政策和法规，与学费收入和资产负债表（“贸易”）的后果;和英国脱欧的影响，在英国和欧洲高等教育机构之间的研究关系。与欧洲同事共同撰写的研究论文超过了与美国和其他英语国家共同撰写的论文总数，超过20%的英国研发资金来自国际来源，其中大部分来自欧洲合作研究计划。英国大学在欧洲的作用是其杰出的全球研究表现的核心：英国占全球研发支出的3.2%，科学论文下载量的9.5%，引用量的11.6%，最高引用论文的15.9%。欧盟框架使许多英国研究人员能够发挥领导作用，同时分享来自其他欧盟成员国的最佳想法和人才。英国高校的研究能力和声誉也支撑了英国作为仅次于美国的世界第二大国际教育出口国的地位。政府表示，希望在2020年将教育出口提高近50%，达到300亿英镑。主要数据收集将包括12个英国高等教育机构的定性案例研究，参与机构选自所有四个国家，并说明该部门的多样性。将有至少120个半结构化面试，与高等院校的高级学术领导人，首席财务官，人力资源负责人，三个学科（健康，技术，社会科学）的执行院长，每个高等院校最多三名来自这些学科的研究教授，以及学生会负责人。该项目还将举办面向政策的研讨会，既有收集数据的目的，也有传播/公众讨论的目的。研究的实际成果是：（a）通过研究、公共活动和简报，提请政策制定者和公众注意不同脱欧情景对高等教育的影响，（B）在高等教育内部，调查英国高等教育机构在不同可能的脱欧情景下有效应对脱欧引发的挑战的能力并提出建议，在其他政策发展的背景下（学生办公室，TEF）。

Brexit is an unprecedented development with implications in almost every domain of UK higher education (HE) and a range of possible forms and consequences for individual UK HEIs, with marked potential for differential effects (e.g. in research capability, international students, staffing, mission, income) across the variation of HEI types. Though Brexit has many possible forms, in any form it is likely to disrupt existing projects, networks and activities, and could imply sharp reductions in staff, students and/or income, in some or all HEIs. It also calls for new and innovative lines of institutional and discipline-based development on and off shore.In an uncertain and fast changing setting characterised by multiple possibilities and sudden shocks, HEIs will be required to monitor, respond, adjust, strategize, reorient and initiate with unprecedented speed and effectiveness; to build new relations and activity portfolios in Europe and beyond; and to grapple with new challenges to human resource management, risk management, financial sustainability, mission, governance and local implementation systems.This research investigates the policy implications, implementation and consequences of Brexit for UK HE, in two priority areas identified by the Economic and Social Research Council: implications of Brexit for migration, and impacts in the economy and future trade arrangements. UK higher education institutions (HEIs) are extensively engaged in Europe and in this sector EU relations have been unambiguously positive and productive. While there is a range of possible Brexit scenarios, UK HE is closely affected by the Brexit-related policy settings for staff mobility, retention and recruitment ('migration'); for international student policy and regulation, with consequences for tuition revenues and balance sheets ('trade'); and by the effects of Brexit in research relations between UK and European HEIs. Research papers co-authored with colleagues in Europe outweigh total papers co-authored with US and other English-speaking countries, more than 20 per cent of UK R&D funding is from international sources with much from collaborative European research schemes. The role of UK universities in Europe is central to their outstanding global research performance: UK accounts for 3.2 per cent of global R&D spending, 9.5 per cent of scientific papers downloaded, 11.6 per cent of citations, and 15.9 per cent of the most highly-cited papers. EU frameworks enable many UK researchers to lead, while sharing the best ideas and people from other EU member countries. The research capacity and reputation of UK HEIs also underpins the nation's role as the world's second largest exporter of international education after the US. The government has stated that it hopes to raise education exports by almost 50 per cent to £30 billion pa in 2020. The main data collection will consist of qualitative case studies in 12 UK HEIs, with participating institutions selected from all four nations and illustrating the diversity of the sector. There will be a least 120 semi-structured interviews, with senior academic leaders of HEIs, chief financial officers, heads of human resources, executive deans in three disciplines (health, technology, social science), up to three research professors per HEI from these disciplines, and heads of student unions. The project will also conduct policy-oriented seminars which will have both data gathering and dissemination/public discussion purposes. The practical outcomes of the research are (a) through research, public events and briefings, to draw to the attention of policy makers and public the implications of different Brexit scenarios in higher education, (b) within HE, to investigate and make recommendations on the capacity of UK HEIs to respond effectively to the challenges triggered by Brexit under the different possible Brexit scenarios, in the context also of other policy developments (Office for Students, TEF).