GCRF Inclusive Societies: 'Mediation Model for Sustainable Infrastructure Development' - Scaling up Praxis from Mongolia to Central Asia

该项目开发了一个动态的可持续基础设施发展调解模式（MMSID），以促进中国在蒙古，吉尔吉斯斯坦和塔吉克斯坦的大型基础设施计划的包容性经济发展和社会福利。虽然大型基础设施项目是经济增长和发展的一个关键机制，但也给当地人口和环境带来了意想不到的负面影响。这些挑战可能因具体的区域情况而变得更加复杂。当代亚洲的情况就是如此，中国的一带一路（一带一路）投资超过1万亿英镑，将通过基础设施大型项目改变社会，经济和景观。中国采购权的不透明表明，当前的农村用户和国家驱动的合同之间存在资源争夺的潜力。这与国际金融公司、世界银行、亚洲开发银行和经合组织等国际供资者制定的标准形成鲜明对比。“一带一路”投资的速度和规模给中国的邻国吉尔吉斯斯坦、蒙古和塔吉克斯坦带来了特殊的社会和环境挑战。这包括项目选址、水等稀缺资源的使用以及土地退化。此外，这些国家的国家政府机构能力有限，治理机构薄弱，当地人口历来参与发展进程的情况不佳，旱地和山区环境脆弱，普遍存在仇视中国的情绪。这些挑战导致需要促进利益攸关方之间的信任、透明度和合作，以保持社会凝聚力，确保包容性经济发展。该地区迫切需要找到一条将经济增长和投资与社会包容相结合的新道路，这迫切需要该地区的政治稳定。我们与位于蒙古和中亚的两个国际Co-I合作，通过扩大在蒙古采矿业开发的开创性争议解决模式来满足这些需求。基于蒙古当地参与和利益相关者参与的经验，MMSID将可复制，可扩展并适用于其他情况和预期大规模投资的国家。我们的MMSID基于Co-I和PDRA在2016-2017年对世界银行合规顾问监察员调解的投诉的研究，这些投诉是针对120亿美元的Oyu Tolgoi矿山土地和水资源占用和退化的冲突。这一进程由多方利益攸关方参与倡议-三方委员会-牵头，三方委员会由当地牧民、地方政府和矿山管理部门组成。TPC的成功显示了将蒙古的榜样扩大为中亚可复制的模式的巨大潜力，中亚与蒙古有着文化和政治上的密切关系。将通过混合方法和参与性行动办法制定MMSID。与研究伙伴一起选择了适当的方法、实地地点和影响活动。受益者包括：农村居民、地方和国家政府、商业利益攸关方、国际机构、发展实践者、地方和国际学者。该项目的6个阶段包括有重点的影响活动，旨在建立长期伙伴关系，同时开展能力建设和产出。MMSID将通过出版物、知识交流、交流平台、研究吸收活动和广泛的互动培训加以应用和传播。该项目增进了对基础设施引发的变革的理解，鼓励有效的地方企业参与，并强调能力建设，以建立更具包容性和更强有力的体制、法律的和监管框架。我们的建议受益于在中亚进行的十个月的范围界定工作，这确保了研究的可行性和与国内合作伙伴共同设计研究目标，并将促进MMSID的立即，有效的发展。

This project develops a dynamic Mediation Model for Sustainable Infrastructure Development (MMSID) to promote inclusive economic development and social welfare in the context of Chinese mega infrastructure initiatives in Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. While large-scale infrastructure projects represent a key mechanism of economic growth and development, they also bring unintended and negative consequences to local populations and environments. These challenges can be compounded by specific regional contexts. This is the case in contemporary Asia where China's One Belt-One Road (OBOR), representing more than £1 trillion in investments, is set to transform societies, economies and landscapes through infrastructure megaprojects. Opaqueness in Chinese procurement rights points to the potential for resource contestation between current rural users and state-driven contracts. This contrasts with standards established by international funders such as IFC, World Bank, ADB and OECD. The speed and scale of OBOR investments present particular social and environmental challenges to China's neighbouring states of Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia and Tajikistan. This includes project siting, use of scarce resources such as water, and land degradation. In addition, these states have limited capacity of national government agencies, weak governance institutions, historically poor inclusion of local populations in development processes, fragile, dryland and mountain environments and the prevalence of Sinophobia. These challenges result in the need to foster trust, transparency and cooperation between stakeholders to maintain social cohesion and ensure inclusive economic development. The need to find a new path which combines economic growth and investment with social inclusion is pressing for political stability in the region.In collaboration with our 2 international Co-Is based in Mongolia and Central Asia, our project addresses these needs by scaling up a pioneering dispute resolution model developed in Mongolia's mining sector. Based on this local participation and stakeholder engagement experience in Mongolia, the MMSID will be replicable, scalable and applicable to other contexts and countries anticipating large-scale investment in. Our MMSID builds upon research by the Co-I and PDRA in 2016-2017 on complaints mediated by the World Bank's Compliance Advisor Ombudsman in response to conflict over land and water appropriation and degradation at the $12 billion Oyu Tolgoi Mine. This process was led by a multi-stakeholder engagement initiative - Tri-Partite Committee (TPC) - which consisted of local pastoralists, local government and mine management. TPC's success shows great potential to scale up Mongolia's example into a replicable model in Central Asia, where there is a cultural and political affinity to Mongolia. The MMSID will be developed through a mixed-methods and participatory action approach. Appropriate methods, field sites and impact activities, have been chosen with research partners. Beneficiaries include: rural residents, local and national government, business stakeholders, international agencies, development practitioners, local and international academics. The project's 6 stages incorporate focused impact activities aimed to build long-term partnerships alongside capacity building and outputs. MMSID will be applied and disseminated through publications, knowledge exchanges, communication platforms, research uptake activities and extensive interactive trainings. The project advances understanding of infrastructure-induced transformations, encourages effective local business engagement and stresses capacity building for development of more inclusive and robust institutional, legal and regulatory frameworks. Our proposal benefits from ten months of scoping work in Central Asia which ensured research feasibility and co-design of research aims with in-country partners and will foster immediate, effective development of MMSID.