PATTERN OF CHILDREARING ACROSS CULTURES AND ECOLOGIES

该项目的工作涉及各种研究， cultures.总的目标是探索发展的途径， 环境可以通过物理和社会环境的变化来描述。 生态，特别是在父母的信仰，价值观和做法方面， 并评估这些领域的差异如何影响儿童的 发展在第一项研究中，西非的父母接受了采访， 关于他们的看法、价值观、期望、责任， 实践这些数据正在进行分析，并将在 关于发展生态位变化的信息背景。初始 结果表明，城市性，世代和性别独立 影响传统的内生信念被那些 西方血统。在第二项研究中，研究人员试图评估 母亲和孩子对彼此的具体归因， 确定归因或期望在多大程度上塑造了 父母和孩子的互动，特别注重 攻击性行为的发展。第三，观察和家长报告 婴儿-母亲依恋的测量正在研究的样本， 日本母亲和婴儿;压力和 将利用社会支助来验证这些措施。

The work on this project involves a number of studies in a variety of cultures. The overall objective is to explore the ways developmental environments can be described by variations in physical and social ecologies, especially in terms of parental beliefs, values, and practices, and to assess how differences in these domains affect children's development. In the first study, West African parents were interviewed about their perceptions, values, expectations, responsibilities, and practices. These data are being analyzed and will be interpreted in the context of information about variations in developmental niches. Initial results show that urbanicity, generation, and gender independently influence the replacement of traditional endogenous beliefs by those of Western origin. In a second study, researchers are attempting to assess specific maternal and child attributions about one another in order to identify the extent to which attributions or expectations shape the way that parents and children interact, with particular focus on the development of aggressive behavior. Third, observational and parent-report measures of infant-mother attachment are being studied in samples of Japanese mothers and infants; assessments of the effects of stress and social support will be used to validate these measures.