DEVELOPMENTAL CONTINUITY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN RHESUS MONKEY REACTIVITY

这个项目调查灵长类生物行为发育。 通过比较纵向调查，特别是 重视研究恒河猴的个体差异 在应对温和的环境挑战和确定 它们在不同生理状态下的长期发育后果 和社会环境。特别感兴趣的发现来自 过去一年完成的研究包括：(一) 恒河猴新生儿反射、声调、 以及在生命的第一个月期间获得的状态变化模式 在养育环境的基础上明确区分对象 以及认知测试中最佳表现的最佳预测者 6-8个月后给药。此外，认知测试 揭示了每个人早期“充实”的积极后果 研究了饲养环境。(2)正在进行的生物行为研究 从出生到成年的连续性和变化产生了长期的 对行为和生理系统的影响可归因于 在前6个月的不同养育经历 生活。然而，在每种饲养条件下，猴子都高度 在行为上的个体差异方面是稳定的， 应对轻度肺炎的生理和免疫措施 挑战，即使面对重大的发展变化 这些措施中的大多数。(3)行为上的比较， 神经内分泌和免疫应答的变化 繁殖群雄性和它们的多个后代被揭示 在反应模式上有惊人的跨代相似性， 尽管雄性黑猩猩从未接触过这些 后代。这些发现增加了越来越多的证据 这表明这种模式是高度可遗传的。(4)初步 野生恒河猴对挑战反应的新研究数据 猴子群体揭示了神经内分泌和行为的模式 反应与实验室研究报告的反应基本相同 圈养出生的猴子，表明了相当普遍的 以前的基于实验室的发现，并另外表明 评估其相对适应性适合度的可行环境 这些不同的反应模式。

This project investigates primate biobehavioral development through comparative longitudinal investigations, with special emphasis on studying individual differences among rhesus monkeys in response to mild environmental challenge and on determining their long-term developmental consequences in different physical and social environments. Findings of particular interest from studies completed this past year include the following: (1) Standardized measures of rhesus monkey neonatal reflex, tone, and state change patterns obtained during the first month of life clearly differentiated subjects on the basis of rearing environment and best predictor of optimal performance on cognitive tests administered 6-8 months later. In addition, the cognitive tests revealed positive consequences of early "enrichment" within each rearing environment studied. (2) Ongoing studies of biobehavioral continuity and change from birth to adulthood yielded long-term effects on both behavioral and physiological systems attributable to differential rearing experiences during the first 6 months of life. However, monkeys within each rearing condition were highly stable in terms of individual differences in behavioral, physiological, and immunological measures in response to mild challenge, even in the face of major developmental changes for most of these measures. (3) Comparisons of behavioral, neuroendocrine, and immunological response profiles between breeding colony males and their multiple offspring revealed striking cross-generational similarities in pattern of response, despite the fact that the males never were exposed to these offspring. These findings add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that such patterns are highly heritable. (4) Preliminary data from a new study of response to challenge in a wild rhesus monkey troop revealed patterns of neuroendocrine and behavioral response virtually identical to those reported in laboratory studies of captive-born monkeys, indicating considerable generality of the previous laboratory-based findings and additionally suggesting a viable setting in which to assess the relative adaptive fitness of these different response patterns.