DEVELOPMENTAL CONTINUITY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN REACTIVITY IN MONKEYS

该项目通过以下方式研究灵长类生物行为发育 对恒河猴和卷尾猴的纵向比较研究， 特别强调区分不同的个体模式 对环境新奇事物的行为和生理反应 挑战，以及确定可持续发展的长期后果 不同遗传背景的个体在不同的物理环境中饲养 和社会环境。在过去的一年中，预期的纵向 不同遗传系谱但饲养的恒河猴幼猴的研究 在相同的苗圃条件下发现了显著的菌株 血CBC和血清化学的差异，以及 中枢性5-羟色胺代谢与环境行为反应 在生命的前6个月里不断挑战。其他研究包括 恒河猴幼崽表现出显著的早期社会影响 环境因素对生物行为发育的影响 神经内分泌昼夜节律与糖皮质激素的变化 对日常照看活动的敏感性远远超过 先前假定的。在不同的社会环境下抚养的猴宝宝 照顾条件也有系统地不同的中枢5-羟色胺 从他们的第一个月开始新陈代谢；这些差异是 在前6个月内发育稳定。恒河猴的野外研究 猴子幼年雄性表现出脑脊液异常低的个体 中枢5-羟色胺的主要代谢物5-HIAA的水平显示 异常高的冲动行为，包括无缘无故和 不断升级的攻击性。这些冲动的雄性大多数都是身体上的 早在青春期之前就被逐出出生的队伍，有着非常高的 随后的死亡率。圈养幼鱼和仔鱼的免疫学研究 青春期恒河猴显示低脑脊液5-HIAA与 免疫反应抑制，而青少年男性的正电子发射计算机断层扫描 脑脊液5-HIAA水平高与低(以及低水平与高水平 无缘无故的攻击性)揭示了在衡量 局部脑葡萄糖代谢。的纵向研究 卷尾猴的生物行为发育具有重要意义 早期活动状态配置文件和较晚活动状态配置文件之间的预测关系 行为倾向。

This project investigates primate biobehavioral development through comparative longitudinal studies of rhesus and capuchin monkeys, with special emphasis on characterizing individual patterns of differential behavioral and physiological responses to environmental novelty and challenge, and on determining long-term developmental consequences for individuals of different genetic backgrounds reared in different physical and social environments. During the past year, prospective longitudinal studies of rhesus monkey infants differing in genetic pedigree but reared under identical nursery conditions revealed significant strain differences in blood CBC and serum chemistry, as well as differences in central serotonin metabolism and behavioral response to environmental challenge throughout the first 6 months of life. Other studies with rhesus monkey infants revealed significant effects of early social environmental factors on biobehavioral development in terms of alterations in neuroendocrine circadian rhythms and glucocorticoid sensitivity to routine caretaking activities to a far greater degree than previously presumed. Monkey infants reared under different social caretaking conditions also differed systematically in central serotonin metabolism from their first month onward; these differences were developmentally stable over the first 6 months. Field studies of rhesus monkey juvenile males showed that individuals with unusually low CSF levels of 5-HIAA, the primary central serotonin metabolite, exhibited unusually high levels of impulsive behavior, including unprovoked and escalating aggression. Most of these impulsive males were physically expelled from their natal troop well before puberty, with a very high subsequent mortality rate. Immunological studies of captive juvenile and adolescent rhesus monkeys demonstrated that low CSF 5-HIAA was associated with suppressed immunoreactivity, while PET scans of adolescent males with high vs. low CSF 5-HIAA levels (and low vs. high levels of unprovoked aggression) revealed significant differences in measures of regional cerebral glucose metabolism. Longitudinal studies of biobehavioral development in capuchin monkeys disclosed significant predictive relationships between early activity state profiles and later behavioral proclivities.