TRANSITION INTO EARLY ADOLESCENCE -- A TWIN / ADOPTION S

关于个体差异的病因学知之甚少， 青春期早期本提案的目的是完成 对科罗拉多州被收养和未被收养儿童的评估 在9、10、11和12岁时， 各种措施，包括调整，个性，一般和 具体的认知能力，社会态度，身体发育和 其他变量。这些孩子以前在年龄 第1、2、3、4和7条在联合呼吁程序的其他组成部分中的作用， 在13到16岁的年龄段进行另一项测试。数量 对9至12岁的CAP受试者进行的CAP测试 在拟议的继续期间，将有327人，使总数达到 2,528次。这种延续的一个新特点是包括 在前400对双胞胎中， 在1、2、3、4、5和7岁时采取措施，作为合并收养的一部分， 兄弟姐妹和双胞胎发育研究。我们把这个双胞胎样本称为 科罗拉多双胞胎研究（CTS），并将进行2,388次测试， 这些科目在拟议的延续，带来总双胞胎测试 到2456。这两个可比较的受试者样本的组合 大大加强了推理的范围和力量， 在这项研究中的发展过程。每种方法的优势 遗传和环境病因学相结合， 每一个单独的方法都克服了这种综合遗传 信息化设计 由于独特的前瞻性，纵向设计， 收养和双胞胎研究，他们的规模和代表性， 在这种情况下，我们可以说，这是一个很好的例子。 研究表明，没有选择性安置， 在两项研究中使用了许多相同的措施， 在4岁和7岁的整合，这种延续提供了 建立一个真正具有里程碑意义的发展研究的机会 个体差异的遗传和环境病因学 青春期早期鉴于前一个时期对联合呼吁程序的投资， 二十年来，在过去十年中对CTS的投资，以及 可供收养的新生儿数量下降， 这种规模和规模不太可能再次进行。是的， 因此，利用这一点对我们的研究至关重要， 独一无二的机会

Little is known about the etiology of individual differences during early adolescence. The purpose of the present proposal is to complete the evaluation of adopted and non-adopted children in the Colorado Adoption Project (CAP) at ages 9, 10, 11 and 12 years of age, on a variety of measures including adjustment, personality, general and specific cognitive abilities, social attitudes, physical growth and other variables. These children have been evaluated previously at ages 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 in other components of the CAP and are, or will be tested at 13 through 16 years of age in another component. The number of CAP test sessions conducted with CAP subjects at ages 9 through 12 during the proposed continuation will be 327, bringing the total to 2,528 sessions. A novel feature of this continuation is the inclusion of the first 400 pairs of twins who have been tested previously on CAP measures at ages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 as part of a combined adoption, sibling and twin study of development. We refer to this twin sample as the Colorado Twin Study (CTS) and will conduct 2,388 test sessions with these subjects during the proposed continuation, bring total twin tests to 2,456. The combination of these two comparable samples of subjects greatly strengthens the scope and power of inference regarding developmental processes in this study. The strengths of each approach to genetic and environmental etiology are combined and the limitations of each separate approach are overcome in this integrated genetically informative design. Because of the unique prospective, longitudinal design of both the adoption and twin study, the size and representativeness of their samples, the low rates of attrition, and, in the case of the adoption study, the demonstrated absence of selective placement, together with the use of many of the same measures in the two studies, and their full integrations at ages 4 and 7 years, this continuation provides the opportunity of establishing a truly landmark developmental study of the genetic and environmental etiology of individual differences during early adolescence. Given the investment in the CAP during the previous two decades, the investment in the CTS during the past decade, and the decline in the numbers of newborns available for adoption, a study of this scope and magnitude is unlikely ever to be undertaken again. It is, therefore, crucial to our research endeavor to take advantage of this unique opportunity.