PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT

本项目的目标是更多地了解 正常人和慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的运动控制 自主运动障碍，如帕金森氏症， 小脑性共济失调、中风偏瘫和肌张力障碍。一大专业 整个实验室的科学目标是理解和理解 可能影响先天性心脏病患者的皮质重组 或后天的中枢神经系统损伤。一种多模式 方法(使用正电子发射计算机断层扫描和功能磁共振成像、脑电和 经颅磁刺激)用于确定 功能性脑电地形图的长期重组模式 在个别中风患者中。慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者资料分析 皮质下损害表明，皮质的再有机化 活动性和兴奋性模式取决于病变的位置 在内舱内。频谱功率和相干分析 已经被用来研究学习双手动作和 以不同的速度移动。之间的同步 人脑的初级和次级运动区 利用脑电相干性对运动频率控制进行研究 测量。不同的感觉运动整合策略是 以听觉提示的快速和缓慢的重复动作观察 流动率。关注与事件相关的连贯性 运动开始揭示了运动的大脑皮层相关 战略的改变。结果表明，增加的 运动速度不是一个线性过程。我们已经检查了 大脑和自愿活动的肌肉之间的连贯性 评估运动皮质是如何控制肌肉的。 通过对振动信号的分析，揭示了振荡的频率编码。 时间关系。在阿尔法中可以看到不同的关系 和贝塔频段。这样的分析对其 生理洞察力，但也帮助我们理解 相干分析的相位特征。大脑肌性 分级过程的交流和大脑皮层表征 采用脑电频域分析的方法研究力量产生。 以EEG-EMG表示的大脑肌性通讯 一致性对所产生的力量水平不敏感，而大脑皮层 对侧中央区的β频段功率变化 与作用力水平呈线性相关。结果表明， 脑电-肌电相干性作为皮质肌肉功能的恒定指标 耦合。通过脑电和正电子发射计算机断层扫描，我们确定了正常 初级感觉皮质的单细胞组织退化 在局灶性肌张力障碍患者中支持感觉的概念 肌张力异常在肌张力障碍中起致病作用。我们检查了 氯氮平治疗全身性和难治性局限性口吃困难的疗效。 客观和主观测量显示临床上有改善 症状。然而，它的使用受到副作用的限制。我们用了 正常受试者在空间相关任务中的正电子发射效应 视觉和听觉刺激的定位。多式联运区域 已确定的以及特定于医疗模式的领域。我们的发现表明 就像在视觉系统中一样， 听觉系统从初级听觉皮质延伸到 包括后顶叶和前额叶区域。这些 结果可以解释视觉和听觉的分离 报告了涉及这些损害的患者的空间缺陷 地区。我们研究了一组患有Friedreich‘s的患者 共济失调的MRI手段，以检测铁的差异 齿状核的内容物。初步结果显示， 年轻人小脑中铁含量增加的明显趋势 患有Friedreich‘s共济失调的患者，但不是更晚期的老年人 病人。

The goal of this project is to learn more about the control of movement in normal humans and in patients with voluntary movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, cerebellar ataxia, hemiplegia from stroke and dystonia. One major scientific target of the whole laboratory is to understand and possibly influence cortical reorganization in patients with congenital or acquired lesions of the central nervous system. A multi-modality approach (neuroimaging with PET and functional MRI, EEG, and transcranial magnetic stimulation) is being used to determine patterns of long-term reorganization of functional brain topography in individual stroke patients. Analysis of data from patients with subcortical lesions indicated that the reoganization of the cortical activity and excitability patterns depends on the site of the lesion within the internal capsule. Spectral power and coherence analyses of EEG have been used to study learning bimanual movement and making movements at different rates. Synchronization among primary and secondary motor areas of the human brain during movement rate control was studied by EEG coherence measurement. Different sensorimotor integration strategies were observed with auditory-cued repetitive movements of fast and slow movement rates. Event-related coherence focusing on the movement onset revealed the cortical correlates of movement strategy change. The results suggest that the increase of the movement rate is not a linear process. We have examined coherence between the brain and voluntarily active muscle to evaluate how the motor cortex controls the muscle. Frequency-coding of the oscillations was revealed by analyzing the temporal relationships. Separate relationships were seen in the alpha and beta frequency bands. Such analysis has been useful for its physiological insights, but has also helped us in our understanding of the phase feature of coherence analysis. Corticomuscular communication and cortical representation of the process of graded force production was studied by EEG frequency domain analysis. Corticomuscular communication expressed as EEG-EMG coherence was insensitive to the produced force level, while cortical power change in beta band over the contralateralcentral area was linearly correlated with the force level. The results suggest the EEG-EMG coherence as a constant measure of cortico-muscular coupling. Using EEG and PET, we determined that the normal homuncular organization of the primary sensory cortex is degraded in patients with focal dystonia supporting the concept that sensory abnormalities play a pathogenetic role in dystonia. We examined the efficacy of clozapine for generalized and refractory focal dystonias. Objective and subjective measures revealed clinical improvement in symptoms. However, its use was limited by side effcts. We used PET in normal subjects engaged in tasks involving spatial localization of visual and auditory stimuli. Multimodal areas were identified as well as modality specific areas. Our findings suggest that, like in the visual system, the hierarchical organization of the auditory system extends beyond the primary auditory cortex to include areas in the posterior parietal and prefrontal regions. These results may explain the dissociation of the visual and auditory spatial deficits reported for patients with lesions involving these regions. We have studied a group of patients with Friedreich's ataxia by means of MRI in order to detect differences in the iron content of the dentate nucleus. The preliminary results showed a clear trend towards increased iron in the cerebellum in young patients with Friedreich's ataxia but not in more advanced older patients.