Forest dependent poor at the agricultural frontier: the complexity of poverty and the promise of sustainable forest ecosystems in Amazonia

在巴西和玻利维亚，尽管在体制改革、森林管理、改善土地管理做法和经济发展方面进行了投资，但森林砍伐和农村穷人的边缘化仍在继续。以前对亚马逊森林生态系统进行公平管理的办法往往提供非常狭隘的正式解决办法，缺乏结构和一致性，过于孤立，缺乏更广泛的国际视野和专门知识。拟议的项目将通过提供一种全面的跨学科方法来解决这些差距，以了解玻利维亚和巴西三个案例研究地区的原因、机制和毁林对农业前沿贫穷的影响之间的联系。使弱势群体公平地获得森林生态系统的惠益是千年生态系统评估（2005年）确定的最优先政策问题之一。然而，亚马逊地区的环境治理往往缺乏依赖森林的穷人的参与，因此，一些生态系统管理举措限制了穷人获得资源的机会，降低了他们的脱贫能力。拟议的项目试图纠正这一问题，办法是让亚马逊边境的农村穷人有发言权，使他们与区域决策者重新建立联系，并将他们与更广泛的研究网络联系起来，以制定南方主导的解决毁林和贫穷问题的办法。通过一系列讲习班、试点研究和用户参与活动，拟议的项目揭示了森林砍伐的动态及其对边境地区贫困的影响，并提出了亚马逊森林生态系统公平管理所需的体制变革。它将关注三个关键领域：1.了解依赖森林的穷人对毁林的关切、经验和反应该项目将使依赖森林的穷人能够表达他们对森林退化和毁林的关切，并将他们对贫穷和减贫的看法纳入可持续生态系统服务的发展途径。2.拟议的项目将解决现有生态系统管理机制的分散问题，并通过将依赖森林的穷人、决策者、理事机构和参与农村发展的研究机构聚集在一起，解决受森林砍伐影响的人民的贫困问题。本次级方案将评价减少环境脆弱性的现行政策，解决能力不足问题，并探讨更有效的机构间工作的潜力，以避免政策冲突和发展工作的重复。3.通过一系列讲习班和试点研究，该项目将制定由南方主导的解决毁林和减贫问题的办法。它将使地方、国家和国际各级参与亚马逊可持续森林管理的行为者能够进行知识转让、建立研究网络和跨机构学习。

Deforestation and marginalization of rural poor continues in Brazil and Bolivia despite investment in institutional change, forest regulation, improving land management practices and economic development. Previous approaches to equitable management of forest ecosystems in the Amazon tended to offer very narrow formalised solutions, lacked structure and coherence, were too insular and lacked broader international perspective and expertise. The proposed project will address these gaps by providing a holistic and inter-disciplinary approach to understanding the links between the causes, mechanisms and the effects of deforestation on poverty at the agricultural frontier in three case study areas in Bolivia and Brazil. The problem of making the benefits of forest ecosystems available equitably to the disadvantaged people is one of the top priority policy issues identified in the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). However, environmental governance in the Amazon tends to lack engagement with forest dependent poor, so that some ecosystem management initiatives restrict poor people's access to resources and reduce their anti-poverty capabilities. The proposed project attempts to rectify this problem by giving the voice to the rural poor in the Amazon frontier, reconnecting them with the regional policy makers and linking them into broader research networks to develop Southern-led solutions to the problems of deforestation and poverty. Through the series of workshops, pilot studies and user-engagement events the proposed project exposes dynamism of deforestation and its effects on poverty in the frontier areas as well as suggests institutional changes necessary for equitable forest ecosystems management in the Amazon. It will attend to three key areas: 1. Understanding concerns over, experiences of and reactions to deforestation by the forest dependent poor The project will give voice to the forest dependent poor to articulate their concerns over forest degradation and deforestation and to incorporate their perspectives on poverty and poverty alleviation into the development of pathways to sustaining ecosystem services. 2. Developing holistic, interdisciplinary approaches to poverty alleviation through sustainable forestry The proposed project will address fragmentation of existing mechanisms governing ecosystem management and tackling poverty of the people affected by deforestation by bringing together forest dependent poor, policy-makers, governing bodies, and research institutions involved in rural development. It will evaluate existing policies reducing environmental vulnerability, address the lack of capacity and explore the potential for more effective inter-agency work to avoid policy conflicts and duplication of development efforts. 3. Developing international knowledge networks to facilitate equitable forest management Through a series of workshops and pilot studies the project will develop southern-led solutions to deforestation and the alleviation of poverty. It will enable knowledge transfer, research networking and cross-agency learning for the actors at local, national and international levels involved in sustainable forest management in the Amazon.