CANINE DISTEMPER MEASLES VACCINE VERSUS MEASLES VACCINE IN RHESUS MACAQUES

意义麻疹是一种高度传染性的副粘病毒，它可以 导致一场几乎100%的发病率和高达27%的死亡率的流行性传染病 在恒河猴身上。由于麻疹的成本令人望而却步 接种疫苗，许多灵长类机构选择不为他们的 殖民地。目的确定犬瘟热-麻疹是否存在 疫苗与目前使用的疫苗一样有效地保护 恒河猴。结果麻疹疫苗对照试验 包括三种疫苗接种方案：犬瘟-麻疹 疫苗(CD-M)，CD-M，免疫后3个月加强剂 (CD-M+)和麻疹疫苗。抗体效价通过IFA在 免疫后0、3、7和11个月。100%的CD-M 疫苗接种组出现了可检测到的麻疹抗体，而只有 81.2%的麻疹疫苗接种组出现了可检测到的 抗体。接种疫苗一年后，来自中国的六只幼崽 每个疫苗接种组和三个未接种疫苗的对照组被挑战 得了麻疹病毒。病毒分离、血清病毒中和 采用化验、鼻咽抽吸、血细胞计数和流式细胞仪分析 评估病毒血症、中和抗体、病毒脱落和 分别进行免疫应答。在有障碍的青少年中，只有 对照组动物出现了显著的斑丘疹。控制 动物在接种后21天内被发现有病毒感染 梅毒CPE在病毒分离和鉴定中的观察 麻疹IFA。此外，两名青少年和两名青少年接种了麻疹疫苗。 CD-M动物在接种后第3天和第7天被确认为病毒携带者。 只有对照动物在受到挑战时才会排出麻疹病毒；病毒 脱落发生在病毒血症期间，与出现 皮疹。两个CD-M疫苗接种组的中和力都较高 抗体滴度和CD-M+疫苗接种组均大于 血清中和抗体效价比 麻疹疫苗接种组。外周血淋巴细胞 所有组的亚群都在正常的参考范围内 猕猴。未来方向决定保护性麻疹抗体 恒河猴体内的滴度。关键词麻疹病毒、红疹、恒河猴 猕猴，猕猴，临床麻疹疫苗试验资助NIH 格兰特RR00169

Significance Measles is a highly infectious paramyxovirus that can cause an epizootic with almost 100% morbidity and up to 27% mortality in rhesus macaques. Due to the cost prohibitive nature of measles vaccination, many primate facilities elect not to immunize their colonies. Objectives To determine if the canine distemper-measles vaccine was as effective as the currently used vaccine in protecting rhesus macaques. Results The comparative measles vaccine trial consisted of three vaccination regimens canine distemper-measles vaccine (CD-M), CD-M with a booster at 3 months post-immunization (CD-M+) and measles vaccine. Antibody titers were assessed via IFA at 0, 3, 7, and 11 months post-immunization. 100% of both CD-M vaccination groups developed detectable measles antibodies, while only 81.2% of the measles vaccination group developed detectable antibodies. One year post-vaccination, a subset of six juveniles from each vaccination group and three unvaccinated controls were challenged with measles virus. Virus isolation, serum-virus neutralization tests, naso-pharyngeal aspiration, CBC and FACS analysis were employed to assess viremia, neutralization antibodies, viral shedding and immune response respectively. Of the challenged juveniles, only control animals developed the hallmark maculopapular rash. Control animals were found to be viremic for 21 days post-inoculation by observation of me asles CPE in virus isolation and confirmed by measles IFA. Additionally, two measles vaccinated juveniles and two CD-M animals were confirmed viremic on days 3 and 7 post-inoculation. Only the control animals shed measles virus when challenged; the viral shedding occurred during viremia and coincided with the appearance of the rash. Both CD-M vaccination groups had higher neutralization antibody titers and the CD-M+ vaccination group showed greater than two-fold increase in serum neutralization antibody titers over the measles vaccination group. Peripheral blood lymphocyte sub-populations in all groups were within normal reference ranges for macaques. Future Directions Determine protective measles antibody titers in rhesus macaques. KEY WORDS measles virus, rubeola, rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, clinical measles vaccine trial FUNDING NIH Grant RR00169