Soils Research to deliver Greenhouse Gas REmovals and Abatement Technologies (Soils-R-GGREAT)

GGR联盟-土壤研究提供温室气体清除和减排技术（soil - r - ggreat）。情景模拟研究表明，如果不从大气中清除大量温室气体，我们不太可能实现《巴黎协定》中提出的将气候变暖限制在“远低于2摄氏度”的目标。如果不从大气中去除温室气体（GGR），似乎几乎不可能实现升温1.5摄氏度的理想目标。鉴于GGR对气候稳定的重要性，需要评估GGR技术的全球潜力、可行性、障碍和影响。初步分析表明，GGR的广泛实施可能对土地竞争、温室气体排放、物理气候反馈（如反照率）、水需求、养分利用、能源和成本产生重大影响，但作为GGR做法使用的土壤碳固存和生物炭具有显著的GGR潜力（每年共排放40 - 60亿吨二氧化碳），而且在实现这一目标时，对土地、水和养分的竞争要小得多。例如，具有碳捕获和储存以及植树造林的生物能源，其成本远低于增强矿物风化和直接空气捕获二氧化碳。此外，基于土壤的温室气体排放可以帮助实现其他可持续发展目标，特别是1、2、13和15（贫困、饥饿、气候和陆地上的生命）。然而，迄今为止，由于对可实现的GGR的高度不确定性、对特定地点的选择和激励措施的需求、社会和生态影响以及无常的风险，土壤GGR受到了限制。在这个项目中，我们将重点关注通过改善土地管理和向土壤中添加生物炭来增加土壤碳储量的土壤固碳。我们将与其他财团密切合作，以确保有关土地和资源可用性的假设的一致性。在土壤- r - ggreat项目中，我们利用了英国在土壤和生物炭方面的最佳专业知识，对土壤基ggr进行了全面的全球评估。我们将结合使用生命周期评估（LCA）、情景数据库分析、网络数据分析、元分析、生物物理建模、经济建模、利益相关者参与和专家咨询，对土壤基温室气体减排的潜力、可行性、障碍和影响进行最严格和全面的全球评估。该项目的成果/产出将包括评估全球和区域土壤基土壤增殖器的技术和成本效益潜力，确定技术选择，评估土壤基土壤增殖器的社会文化生态影响及其共同实现可持续发展目标1、2、13和15的能力，分析当前阻碍实施的政策障碍，以及未来政策的选择，以促进土壤基土壤增殖器的广泛采用。以及评估如何将基于土壤的GGR与其他GGR技术组合以及其他温室气体减排努力相结合。中期结果将于2017年底公布，以纳入IPCC关于“1.5摄氏度目标”和“土地利用与气候变化”的特别报告。

GGR Consortium - Soils Research to deliver Greenhouse Gas REmovals and Abatement Technologies (Soils-R-GGREAT). Scenario modelling studies show that it is unlikely that we will be able to meet the target to limit climate warming to "well below 2 degrees C" outlined in the Paris Agreement without removing a significant quantity of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. It appears to be virtually impossible to meet the aspirational target of 1.5 degrees C of warming without greenhouse gas removal (GGR) from the atmosphere. Given the importance of GGR for climate stabilization, the global potential, feasibility, barriers and impacts of GGR technologies need to be assessed. Preliminary analysis suggests that widespread implementation of GGRs could have significant impacts on land competition, greenhouse gas emissions, physical climate feedbacks (e.g. albedo), water requirements, nutrient use, energy and cost, but that soil carbon sequestration and biochar used as GGR practices have significant potential for GGR (4-6 thousand million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year, together), and can do so with much less competition for land, water and nutrients than, for example bioenergy with carbon capture and storage and afforestation, and at much lower cost than enhanced mineral weathering and direct air capture of carbon dioxide. In addition, soil-based GGRs could help deliver other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly 1, 2, 13 and 15 (poverty, hunger, climate and life on land). Yet constraints due to high uncertainties about the GGR achievable, the need for site-specific options and incentives, social and ecological impacts, and the risk of impermanence have limited soil-based GGR to date. In this project, we will focus on soil carbon sequestration through improved land management, and the addition of biochar to soils to increase soil carbon storage. We will work closely with other consortia to ensure consistency across assumptions about land and resource availability. In the Soils-R-GGREAT project we have harnessed the best expertise in the UK on soils and biochar to provide a comprehensive global assessment of soil-based GGRs. We will use a combination of life cycle assessment (LCA), scenario database analysis, network data analysis, meta-analysis, biophysical modelling, economic modelling, stakeholder engagement and expert consultation to deliver the most rigorous and comprehensive global assessment of potential, feasibility, barriers and impacts of soil-based GGRs. The achievements / outputs from the project will be an assessment of the technical and cost-effective potential for soil-based GGRs globally and regionally, identification of technical options, an assessment of the socio-cultural-ecological impacts of soil-based GGRs and their ability to co-deliver to SDGs 1,2,13,15, an analysis of the current policy barriers preventing implementation and options for future policies to enable widespread adoption of soil-based GGRs, and an assessment of how soil-based GGRs can be integrated into portfolios of other GGR technologies, and other greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts. Interim results will be published by the end of 2017 to feed into the IPCC Special Reports on the "1.5 degree C target", and "land use and climate change".