Diet and Exercise: Race, Postmenopause and Metabolism

描述：(一字不差)非裔美国女性比高加索女性更肥胖，更有胰岛素抵抗。这项研究旨在 确定超重的非裔美国女性对低热量减肥(WL)或有氧运动加减肥(AEX+WL)的反应是否与 做高加索女性。假设是种族差异(非裔美国人 与高加索人相比)在WL影响胰岛素敏感性的机制中 超重、胰岛素抵抗的非裔美国绝经后女性需要 非裔美国女性WL辅以AEX改善胰岛素 敏感度。具体目标决定1)WL与AEX+WL的种族效应 胰岛素对非裔美国人葡萄糖和脂肪代谢作用的比较 通过评估高加索女性的胰岛素敏感性(EC50)和FFA抑制 在高胰岛素血症期间；以及2)细胞机制 AEX到WL对非裔美国人胰岛素敏感性的影响 高加索女性WL与AEX+WL对蛋白质的影响 影响骨骼肌中胰岛素的作用(GLUT4、IRS1和Pl-3激酶)，以及 胰岛素对脂肪细胞脂肪分解的抑制作用。我们将健康学习， 超重(体重指数，27-35公斤/rn2)50-60岁绝经后 非裔美国人和高加索女性。将进行新陈代谢研究 在低热量减肥治疗前后(每场比赛30人)或 有氧运动训练加减重(每场比赛30人)。胰岛素敏感性 游离脂肪酸浓度将在3个步骤中确定 高胰岛素-正常血糖钳夹。我们将测量全身脂肪(DXA扫描)， 内脏脂肪和大腿中段低密度瘦组织(CT扫描)、葡萄糖和 口服葡萄糖耐量试验中的胰岛素反应，骨骼肌GLUT4， 胰岛素受体1、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶和胰岛素对脂肪细胞脂解的抑制作用。这些 这些发现可能会为以特定的女性群体为目标提供理论依据 谁可以通过增加运动来更好地改善葡萄糖和脂肪代谢 低热量的减肥比单纯的减肥要好。

DESCRIPTION: (Verbatim from application) African American women are more obese and insulin resistant than Caucasian women. This research is designed to determine whether overweight African American women respond differently to hypocaloric weight loss (WL) or aerobic exercise plus weight loss (AEX+WL) than do Caucasian women. The hypothesis is that ethnic differences (African American vs. Caucasian) in the mechanisms by which WL affects insulin sensitivity in overweight, insulin resistant African American postmenopausal women requires that the WL be accompanied by AEX in African American women to improve insulin sensitivity. Specific aims determine 1) the race effects of WL vs. AEX+WL on insulin action on glucose and fat metabolism in African American compared to Caucasian women by assessing insulin sensitivity (EC50), and FFA suppression during hyperinsulinemia; and 2) the cellular mechanisms by which the addition of AEX to WL affects insulin sensitivity in African American compared to Caucasian women by ascertaining the effects of WL vs. AEX+WL on proteins affecting insulin action (GLUT4, IRS 1 and Pl-3 kinase) in skeletal muscle, and insulin suppression of lipolysis in adipocytes. We will study healthy, overweight (Body Mass Index, 27-35 kg/rn2) 50-60 year old postmenopausal African American and Caucasian women. Metabolic studies will be performed before and after either hypocaloric weight loss treatment (n=30 per race) or aerobic exercise training plus weight loss (n=30 per race). Insulin sensitivity and free fatty acid concentrations will be determined during a 3-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. We will measure total body fat (DXA scans), visceral fat and mid-thigh low density lean tissue (CT scans), glucose and insulin responses during an oral glucose tolerance test, skeletal muscle GLUT4, IRS 1, Pl 3-kinase, and insulin suppression of lipolysis in adipocytes. These findings may provide a rationale for targeting specific populations of women who might improve glucose and fat metabolism more from the addition of exercise to hypocaloric weight loss than weight loss alone.