VOCAL ONTOGENY OF CHUCK CALL IN SQUIRREL MONKEYS I PRODUCTION

学习是否有助于声乐的发展 在松鼠猴的生产，那么这将代表一个 灵长类动物声音发育与人类声音发育之间重要的相似之处 语音发展，并可能提供第一个非人类灵长类动物 研究人类儿童语言发展的模型。 目标 本研究的主要目的是确定 在非人类灵长类动物中获得发声技能的学习过程。 具体目的是记录声乐作品的发展 查克打电话给松鼠猴 查克把松鼠叫来了 猴子在婴儿和成年人的听觉上是不同的， 主要由成年女性在亲密的关系互动， 在声学结构上表现出很强的个性。 等 这些特征表明，学习可能在 这个发声子系统的成熟。 结果数据分析 目前正在进行中。 超过150小时的声乐录音和400 已经收集了数小时的焦点行为数据。 结果表明 幼年松鼠猴的社会偏好 特别是不相关的成年女性。 社会偏好的衡量标准是 婴儿/青少年在接近、接触和 与不同的成年雌性群居， 和指导活动，如方法，社会探索和 游戏、检索和对抗性互动。 这些数据表明 婴儿之间在他们的社会行为方面存在着足够的差异。 偏好来评估社会对查克·考尔发展的影响。 超过1000个chuck呼叫已经被数字化， 声学分析 初步比较显示， 婴儿从不相关的近距离接触中学习到chuck calls的特征。 社交伙伴 未来发展方向先进的 生物声学技术和DNA指纹识别方法将用于 确定声学参数，这些声学参数是从 更倾向于用松鼠猴的声音发声 关键词 声乐学习，语言发展，语言进化， 生物声学分析

Significance If learning contributes to the development of vocal production in the squirrelmonkey, then this will represent an important parallel between primate vocal development and human phonological development and may provide the first nonhuman primate model for studying language development in human children. Objectives The primary objective of this research is to determine the importance of learning in the acquisition of vocal skills in non-human primates. The specific aims are to document the development of vocal production of chuck calls in squirrel monkeys. The chuck call in squirrel monkeys is acoustically different in infants and adults, is produced primarily by adult females during close affiliative interactions, and shows a strong degree of individuality in acoustic structure. Such characteristics suggest that learning may play an important role in the maturation of this vocal subsystem. Results Data analysis is currently in progress. Over 150 hours of vocal recordings and 400 hours of focal behavioral data have been collected. Results suggest that infant/juvenile squirrel monkeys show social preferences for particular unrelated adult females. Social preference was measured by the amount of time infants/juveniles spent in proximity, contact, and social huddling with different adult females as well as in the amount and direction of activities such as approaches, social exploration and play, retrievals, and agonistic interactions. These data suggest that sufficient variation exists between infants in their social preferences to evaluate social influences on chuck call development. Over 1000 chuck calls already have been digitized for quantitative acoustic analysis. Preliminary comparison suggests that some acoustic features of chuck calls are learned by infants from unrelated close social associates. Future Directions A combination of advanced bioacoustic techniques and DNA fingerprinting methods will be used to determine the acoustic parameters that are learned from those that are more innately predisposed in squirrel monkey vocalizations. KEYWORDS vocal learning, language development, evolution of language, bioacoustic analysis