TOMOGRAPHIC DOSIMETRY PHANTOMS FOR PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY

描述（改编自申请人摘要）：荧光透视和计算 断层摄影术在儿科医学中得到越来越多的应用。 因此，确定儿科患者器官剂量的定量方法 对临床决策和风险评估至关重要。 甚至近似 基于入射剂量或能量测量的风险评估方法 传授，基本上依赖于知识或器官剂量。 器官剂量可能是 通过诊断检查的计算模拟确定， 拟人模型，或通过使用嵌入其中的剂量计 拟人的物理幻象 拟人计算模型可能是 进一步分类为程式化模型，其中器官由3D描绘 表面方程或断层扫描模型，其中器官由 分割的CT或MRI图像。 在这个项目中，研究人员将开发 估计新生儿器官剂量的改进技术， 透视和CT检查。 该项目的具体目标是：1） 构建一个高分辨率，分段层析计算模型， 新生儿使用活的新生儿的螺旋CT图像。 该车型将 缩放以匹配MIRD新生儿模型的尺寸和器官质量; 2)构建一个高分辨率的活体断层物理模型 新生儿使用相同的CT数据，并进行缩放以匹配MIRD新生儿 模型 一个全尺寸的物理幻影程式化的MIRD模型也将 构建了 内部器官剂量将使用嵌入式 高灵敏度MOSFET剂量计; 3）确定新生儿器官剂量 在使用两种方法进行荧光镜和CT检查期间接受的儿童 在具体目标1和2中开发的计算模型和物理模型， 4）评估解剖结构改善的程度， 无论是计算模型还是物理幻象， 新生儿放射学检查中器官剂量的估计。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from Applicant's Abstract): Both fluoroscopy and computed tomography are becoming increasingly utilized in pediatric medicine. Quantitative methods for determining organ dose in pediatric patients are thus essential for clinical decision-making and risk assessment. Even approximate methods of risk assessment, based upon measures of entrance dose or energy imparted, fundamentally rely upon knowledge or organ dose. Organ doses may be determined through either computational simulation of the diagnostic exam using anthropomorphic models, or through the use of dosimeters embedded within anthropomorphic physical phantoms. Anthropomorphic computational models may be further classified as either stylized models, where organs are delineated by 3D surface equations, or tomographic models, in which organs are determined from segmented CT or MRI images. In this project, the investigators will develop improved techniques for estimating organ doses to the newborn child in both fluoroscopic and CT examinations. The project Specific Aims are: 1) to construct a high-resolution, segmented tomographic computational model of a newborn child using helical CT images of live newborns. The model will be scaled to match the dimensions and organ masses of the MIRD newborn model; 2) to construct a high-resolution tomographic physical phantom of a live newborn using the identical CT data and also scaled to match the MIRD newborn model. A full-scale physical phantom of the stylized MIRD model will also be constructed. Internal organ doses will be assessed using embedded high-sensitivity MOSFET dosimeters; 3) to determine organ doses in the newborn child received during fluoroscopic and CT examinations using both the computational model and physical phantoms developed in Specific Aims 1 and 2, respectively; and 4) to evaluate the degree to which improved anatomic representation, in either computational models or physical phantoms, influences estimates of organ dose in newborn radiological examinations.