PREVENTION, ECONOMICS, AND OBESITY

描述(改编自申请人的摘要)：本报告的具体目的 项目的目的是经验性地检查可能导致 美国肥胖症患病率迅速上升。可用的 数据显示，肥胖率从#年的24.4%上升到 从1960年到1962年，从1988年到1994年的34.8%。肥胖与久坐不动的生活方式 增加了许多慢性健康疾病的风险。对健康的估计 1990年肥胖症的护理费用每年超过450亿美元，另外还增加了33美元 在减肥产品上花费了10亿美元。尽管这一数字的增加 肥胖症的流行率一直很高，这一增长的原因 仍然是未知的和投机的。为扭转这种局面而制定的政策 趋势需要理解潜在的行为过程。一位模特 这将侧重于增加市场工作所花费的时间。 这个模型区分了内生和外生的决定因素 肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式。在1970到1990年间，一个典型的双职工 家庭每年增加600个小时的市场工作时间，而几乎没有增加 对于许多家庭来说，这是一种收入。这一理论断言，可用土地的减少 回家时间增加了对廉价、方便食品的需求，并 导致快速等高卡路里密度食物的消费量增加 食物。同样，该理论断言，可用家庭时间的减少 增加了久坐的休闲时间。其他因素可能增加了 肥胖症的流行包括吸烟的减少，吸烟的增加 在快餐供应方面，快餐相对价格的变化， 快餐广告的增加，人口老龄化，以及人们对 高热量密度的食物。本申请中概述的经验性工作将 采用三种数据收集方式。这些数据集合是：1)第一、第二 和第三次全国健康与营养调查和体检；2) 行为危险因素监测系统，1984-1997年 和个人层面；3)全国劳动力市场纵向调查 青年经历(NLSY)，1979年基线和1997年的专题小组，NLS 儿童-母亲档案，以及1997年新的NLSY青少年样本。这些数据集将 食品杂货、快餐、香烟和快餐的价格都提高了 供应情况和快餐广告。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): The specific aims of this project are to empirically examine the factors which may be responsible for the rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity in the United States. The available data show that the prevalence of obesity has increased from 24.4 percent in 1960-1962 to 34.8 percent in 1988-1994. Obesity and sedentary life styles increase the risk of many chronic health conditions. Estimates of the health care costs of obesity in 1990 exceed $45 billion a year with an additional $33 billion spent on weight reduction products. Although the increase in the prevalence of obesity has been substantial, the reasons for this increase remain unknown and speculative. The development of policies to reverse this trend requires an understanding of the underlying behavioral processes. A model that focuses on the increase in time spent in market work will be developed. This model distinguishes between endogenous and exogenous determinants of obesity and sedentary life style. Between 1970 and l990, a typical two earner family increased market work by 600 hours a year, with little or no increase in income for many families. The theory asserts that the decrease in available home time has increased the demand for inexpensive, convenience food and has led to an increase in consumption of high caloric density food such as fast food. Similarly, the theory asserts that the decrease in available home time has increased sedentary leisure. Other factors which may have increased the prevalence of obesity include the reduction in cigarette smoking, the increase in fast food availability, changes in the relative price of fast food, increases in fast food advertising, aging of the population, and habituation to high caloric density food. The empirical work outlined in this application will employ three data collections. These data collections are: 1) the First, Second and Third National Health and Nutrition and Examination Surveys; 2) the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1984-1997, at both the aggregated and individual level; and 3) the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience of Youth (NLSY), 1979 baseline and panels through 1997, the NLS Child-Mother File, and the new NLSY 1997 sample of youths. These data sets will be augmented with grocery, fast food, and cigarette prices and with fast food availability and fast food advertising.