Simulating value creation opportunities at inspection processes using digital twins

英国屠宰场肉类生产的质量和安全保证的宰前和宰后检验规程在食品标准局（FSA）官方控制手册的操作指南中列出。这些官方指南概述了官方兽医（OVs）和肉类卫生检查员（MHI）在进行和归档宰前（AM）和宰后（PM）检查报告时使用的流程、资源和报告协议。然而，一组研究人员从“21世纪屠宰场回顾”中发现，由于英国屠宰场的生产吞吐量、加工物种和屠宰速度的变化，FSA和食品商业组织（FBOs）要以经验确定高效和有效的AM和PM检查程序的关键资源限制和关键绩效指标（kpi）有些挑战性。为了使FSA和fbo的检查员能够更有效、更准确地履行职责，必须深入了解对屠宰场的检查效率、质量和安全审查有直接影响的过程功能和相关指标，这本身就是另一个挑战。然而，通过以下方式进行彻底的分析可以获得详细的工艺信息：(1)AM/PM关键控制点的工艺布局/配置要求的详细图。(2)管理人员进行AM/PM检查和报告的人力需求和标准化操作规程的详细地图。(3)过程中关键绩效指标和AM/PM检查过程和报告约束的详细概述(4)可用技术干预措施的相对和绝对基准，可以纳入这些干预措施，以提高特定AM/PM检查的准确性和效率，而不仅仅是通过目视检查、触诊和内脏切口获得的。(5)评估过程能力，将推荐的技术干预措施纳入特定过程。虽然现有的检查流程、程序和数据流可以通过成像技术、线路安装和手持传感器技术、基于人工智能的故障检测和诊断技术以及跟踪和跟踪应用等技术来增强，重要的是，沿着上述四个流程对当前或当前运行的检查模式进行详细的地图，以便：(a)标准化AM和PM检查；(b)根据吞吐量、物种和捕杀速度将正确的检查过程、资源和技术要求与屠宰场相匹配；(c)为正确布局的投资提供信息。过程或技术，以及人类和技术干预的正确结合，将迎来由FSA和fbo进行的21世纪屠宰场检查的时代。实际上，确定技术或工艺干预对现有作业的影响是具有挑战性的。在引入新技术或流程之前，模拟已被用作一种支持性数字技术，在无风险的虚拟环境中试验可能的创新。确定未来状态需要对本项目中开发的数字孪生进行验证，并确定其可行性。这将通过一系列用例来实现，在这些用例中，将对当前状态进行建模，并对未来的用例进行模拟，为开发数字孪生体提供一个极好的起点。

The ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection protocols for quality and safety assurance of meat production in UK abattoirs is set out in the operational guidelines of the Food Standard Agency's (FSA) manual for official controls. These official guidelines outline the processes, resources, and reporting protocols used by Official Veterinarians (OVs) and Meat Health Inspectors (MHI) to carry out and file both Ante-Mortem (AM) and Post-Mortem (PM) inspection reports. However, it has emerged from the "Review of 21st Century Abattoirs" by a team of researchers that due to variations in production throughputs, species processed, and kill-speeds across abattoirs in the UK, it is somewhat challenging for the FSA and Food Business Organisations (FBOs) to empirically determine the key resource constraints and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of efficient and effective AM and PM inspections routines. In order to enable inspectors from the FSA and FBOs to discharge their duties more efficiently and accurately, it is imperative to develop deeper insight into the process functionalities and relevant metrics that have direct implications for inspection efficiency, quality and safety scrutiny within abattoirs, which itself is another challenge. However, a thorough analysis is possible to obtain detailed process information through the following:(1) A detailed map of the process layout/configuration requirements of AM/PM critical control points.(2) A detailed map of the manpower requirements and standardised operating protocols for AM/PM inspections and reporting by OVs.(3) A detailed outline of in-process KPIs and constraints of AM/PM inspection processes and reporting (4) Relative and absolute benchmarking of available technology interventions that can be incorporated to improve the accuracy and efficiency of specific AM/PM inspections beyond what is obtainable from visual checks, palpations and offal incisions.(5) Evaluation of process capabilities to incorporate recommended technology interventions within a specific process.While there is scope to augment existing inspection processes, routines and data streams with technologies such as imaging technologies, line-mounted and hand-held sensor technologies, Artificial Intelligence-based fault detection and diagnostic technologies and track-and-trace applications, it is important to carry out a detailed map of the current or AS-IS operating inspection model along the four streams outlined above in order to:(a) standardise AM and PM inspections(b) match the right inspection process, resource and technology requirements to abattoirs by throughput, species and kill-speed, and(c) inform investment in the right layout, process or technology along with right combination of human and technology interventions to usher in an era of 21st century abattoir inspections by the FSA and FBOs.Practically, it is challenging to determine the effect of technology or process interventions on existing operations. Simulations have been used as a supporting digital technology to trial possible innovations in a risk-free virtual environment before introducing either a new technology or a process. Determination of the future-state requires the digital twin developed in this project to be validated and its viability to be determined. This will be achieved through a series of use-cases where the current state will be modelled and the future case simulated, providing an excellent starting point for the development of a digital twin.