Neuromodulation of auditory input

描述（由申请人提供）：鸣禽声乐学习提供了一个 这是一个研究大脑与行为关系的极好模型系统。 来自自由行为鸟类的电生理数据表明， 状态与歌曲维护有关。听觉反馈，这是必要的 鸣唱的维持，在两个功能上受到不同的调节， 前脑歌唱系统的解剖学上不同的途径， 行为状态我们的建议旨在将体内和体外联合收割机 电生理技术来检查胆碱能的特异性作用 输入的听觉反馈的传输在前脑核，这是一个 听觉和运动前区活动的联系胆碱能系统已被证明 与许多生物体的注意力、唤醒和记忆有关，包括 人类因此，这一系列实验将有可能 阐明反馈和注意力机制在绩效中的作用， 复杂的运动行为

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Songbird vocal learning provides an excellent model system in which to study the relationship of brain and behavior. Electrophysiological data from freely behaving birds suggest that behavioral state is relevant to song maintenance. Auditory feedback, which is necessary for the maintenance of song, is differentially regulated in two functionally and anatomically distinct pathways of the forebrain song system according to behavioral state. Our proposal aims to combine in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological techniques to examine the specific effects of cholinergic input on the transmission of auditory feedback in a forebrain nucleus which is a nexus of auditory and premotor activity. Cholinergic systems have been shown to be related to attention, arousal, and memory in a number of organisms, including humans. This series of experiments will therefore have the potential to illuminate the role of feedback and attentional mechanisms in the performance of complex motor behaviors.