EXPOSURE OF INDOOR PESTICIDES & PCBS--EFFECTS ON GROWTH & NEURODEVELOPMENT

美国城市中心的儿童接触到多种已知的， 潜在的神经发育毒物，包括杀虫剂、多氯联苯和 线索了有机磷农药，如毒死蜱， 关心它们得到广泛应用，而且使用似乎越来越多。 最近的动物数据，尚未证实在人类，表明毒死蜱， 在相对较低的暴露水平下， 胎儿的大脑为了探索当前的神经发育影响， 暴露于市中心的环境毒物，我们建议， 进行一项为期五年的前瞻性流行病学研究， 不同的出生队列。纽约市的孩子们我们的主要目标是 以确定产前和产后是否接触环境 有毒物质与智力和精神发育迟缓有关。 我们计划跟踪300名未产妇和她们的新生儿 在西奈山医院（150名非洲裔美国人和150名 西班牙裔）。母亲将在产前期间登记， 婴儿将在出生、1岁和2岁时进行评估。到 评估环境暴露，将获得生物样本 包括母体血清、母体尿、脐带血和婴儿尿。 将评估室内杀虫剂使用，居住历史， 饮食摄入量，特别是鱼类消费，以及其他相关 将在产前期间向母亲提供特征， 以及产后随访评估。100个家庭的子样本， 东哈莱姆将被访问，房子和地毯灰尘，以及“手 擦拭”样品和玩具擦拭样品将进行毒死蜱评估 在产前期间以及第2年和第5年期间， 项目该子样本将作为外部比较或对照 项目1中的干预组。评价 婴儿和儿童将利用Brazelton新生儿行为 出生时评估量表和婴儿发育的Bayley量表 1岁和2岁。这项研究的独特贡献在于，它将 评估目前的药物对儿童生长和神经发育的影响 市中心有多种潜在的发育毒物暴露， 少数民族儿童。早期发育的下降可能导致终身 神经发育和行为障碍。

Children in America's inner cities are exposed to multiple known and potential neurodevelopmental toxicants, including pesticides, PCBs and lead. Organophosphate pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos, are of special concern. They are applied widely, and their use appears to be increasing. Recent animal data, not yet confirmed in humans, suggest that chlorpyrifos at relatively low levels of exposure can impair neuronal development in the fetal brain. To explore the neurodevelopmental impact of current exposures to environmental toxicants in the inner city, we propose to undertake a five-year prospective epidemiologic study in a ethnically diverse birth cohort. of New York City children. Our primary objective is to determine whether pre- and post-natal exposures to environmental toxicants are associated with delayed mental and psychomotor development. We plan to follow 300 nulliparous mothers and their newborn children delivered at the Mount Sinai Hospital (150 African-Americans and 150 Hispanics). The mothers will be enrolled during the prenatal period and the infants will be evaluated at birth, 1 year and 2 years of age. To assess environmental exposures, biological specimens will be obtained including maternal serum, maternal urine, cord blood, and infant urine. Questionnaires that will assess indoor pesticide use, residential history, dietary intake, especially fish consumption, as well as other relevant characteristics will be administered to the mothers during the prenatal as well as the postnatal follow-up assessments. A subsample of 100 homes in East Harlem will be visited, and house and carpet dust, as well as "hand wipe" samples and wipe samples of toys will be assessed for chlorpyrifos levels during the prenatal period and again during year 2 and 5 of this project. This subsample will serve as an external comparison or control group to the intervention group being followed in Project 1. Evaluation of infants and children will utilize the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale at birth and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at ages 1 and 2 years. The unique contribution of this study is that it will assess the effects on childhood growth and neuro-development of current multiple potential exposures to developmental toxicants among inner-city, minority children. Decrements in early development can lead to lifelong neurodevelopmental and behavioral impairments.