Social Aggression: Precursors and Outcomes

描述(申请人提供)：这项纵向调查将考察参与和成为社会和身体攻击受害者的发育前兆和结果。身体攻击会造成或威胁到身体伤害，而社会攻击会损害他人的友谊、同伴关系或社会地位，从而伤害他人。社会攻击性包括社会排斥、操纵友谊、恶意八卦以及非言语疏远和操纵等行为。初步研究已经确定，社会攻击伤害儿童，并与心理社会失调有关，但需要进行纵向研究，以探索实施社会和身体攻击并成为受害者的前兆、稳定性和后遗症。 这项研究将跟踪300名9-14岁儿童的正常样本，在这一发育期，社交攻击已被证明变得更加频繁和强烈。这项调查将考察儿童参与和经历这些行为的频率，并探索是否以及何时出现性别差异，使用多种方法来衡量社会攻击性(观察和电话采访，以及同伴提名和教师和家长报告)。本研究将探索在参与和遭受社会和身体攻击方面可能导致个体差异的因素：家庭、同龄人群体和学校因素。这项研究将调查与参与和成为社会和身体攻击受害者相关的发展结果：同伴和浪漫关系的质量、自我概念、学习进步、身份形成、外化症状、内化症状、人格困难和进食障碍症状。这项研究将探索女孩和男孩青春期精神病理学的发展前兆，长期目标是确定减少社会攻击是否有助于预防外化症状、内在性问题、人格障碍和饮食障碍。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This longitudinal investigation will examine developmental precursors and outcomes of engaging in and being the victim of social and physical aggression. Whereas physical aggression inflicts or threatens bodily harm, social aggression hurts others by damaging their friendships, peer relations, or social status. Social aggression includes behaviors such as social exclusion, friendship manipulation, malicious gossip, and non-verbal efforts at alienation and manipulation. Preliminary studies have established that social aggression hurts children and is related to psychosocial maladjustment, but longitudinal research is needed to explore precursors, stability, and sequelae of perpetrating and being victimized by social and physical aggression. This study will follow a normal sample of 300 children from ages 9 - 14, a developmental period in which social aggression has been shown to become more frequent and intense. This investigation will examine how frequently children engage in and experience these behaviors and explore whether and when gender differences emerge, using multiple methods to measure social aggression (observations and telephone interviews, as well as peer nominations and teacher and parent reports). This study will explore factors that may contribute to individual differences in engaging in and being victimized by social and physical aggression: family, peer group, and school factors. This research will investigate developmental outcomes associated with engaging in and being the victim of social and physical aggression: qualities of peer and romantic relationships, self-concept, academic progress, identity formation, externalizing symptoms, internalizing symptoms, personality difficulties, and eating disorder symptoms. This study will explore developmental precursors of adolescent psychopathology for both girls and boys, with the long-term goal of determining whether reducing social aggression might be helpful in preventing externalizing symptoms, internalizing problems, personality disorders, and eating disorders.