Impulsivity Models: Behavioral Mechanisms

描述（由申请人提供）：在两个实验中，两种类型的物镜 冲动性的行为测量（快速决策与奖励导向）将是 比较三组青少年品行障碍（CD）的差异。 具体来说，三个青少年群体与CD将参加：那些没有 有身体打斗史（CDNonFight）和有 非冲动地发起战斗（CDFightJPlan）或冲动地发起战斗 （CDFight/NonPlan）。初步研究表明， 冲动性不仅在控制组和行为障碍（CD）组之间不同， 但有过肢体打斗史的CD患者 比那些没有战斗史的人更冲动。这似乎特别 对于需要快速决策反应的实验室任务， 对于需要奖励导向响应的任务）。在实验1中，比较 冲动的行为测量，几种任务类型将被使用 同时确定哪些措施是最敏感的群体 差异在实验2中，表现反馈（奖励，惩罚， 组合的奖励/惩罚）将用于确定哪些任务参数 改善群体歧视，以及每个群体的表现如何 通过反馈操作进行差分调制。在这两个实验中， 行为冲动表现将与传统的临床 措施（家长，教师和自我报告评级），以提供进一步的 验证这些实验室措施。具体目标是：（1） 确定哪种实验室任务类型（快速决策与奖励导向）最佳 区分对照组和CD青少年。和之间 CDNonFight，CDFight/Plan。和CDFight/NonPlan组：（2）确定如何 性能反馈差异地调制脉冲响应， 最大化群体歧视：（3）进一步验证 实验室测量的冲动，通过将性能与传统的临床 冲动性的测量（来自家长、教师和 自我报告）。这些研究将有助于实现我们研究 这些人群冲动的基本机制，并进一步发展 行为冲动的测量。客观可重复的发展 （状态依赖）冲动的措施需要回答基本和 应用研究问题。我们的长期目标是确定冲动 涉及生物学机制和治疗预测/结果。研究 专注于理解导致儿童 发展严重的反社会和攻击性行为模式将促进我们的 均匀沉淀法制备冲动对这些途径中的许多途径至关重要，但 不幸的是，在过去的研究中， 一直软弱。这项研究将促进我们对结构的理解 冲动，并将提供一个更坚实的背景下，未来的研究可以 更好地研究冲动在严重行为发展中的作用 问题

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In two experiments, two types of objective behavioral measures of impulsivity (rapid-decision vs. reward-directed) will be compared between three groups of adolescents with conduct disorder (CD). Specifically, three adolescent groups with CD will participate: those without histories of physical fighting (CDNonFight) and those with histories of either initiating fights non-impulsively (CDFightJPlan) or impulsively (CDFight/NonPlan). Preliminary studies indicate that behavioral measures of impulsivity differ not only between control and conduct disorder (CD) groups, but also CD patients with histories of physical fighting perform more impulsively than those without histories of fighting. This appears especially true for laboratory tasks that require rapid-decisional responses (as compared to tasks that require reward-directed responses). In Experiment 1, to compare behavioral measures of impulsivity, several task types will be used concurrently to determine which measures are most sensitive to group differences. In Experiment 2, performance feedback (reward, penalty, and combined reward/penalty) will be used to determine which task parameters improve group discrimination, and how each group's performance may be differentially modulated by feedback manipulations. In both experiments, behavioral impulsivity performance will be related to traditional clinical measures (parent, teacher, and self-report ratings) to provide further validation of these laboratory measures. The specific aims are: (1) to determine which laboratory task type (rapid-decision vs. reward-directed) best discriminates between controls and adolescents with CD. and between the CDNonFight, CDFight/Plan. and CDFight/NonPlan groups: (2) to determine how performance feedback differentially modulates impulsive responding and maximizes group discrimination: and (3) to provide further validation of laboratory measured impulsivity by relating performance to traditional clinical measures of impulsivity (prospective ratings from parents, teachers, and self-report). These studies will help meet our immediate goals of studying the basic mechanisms of impulsivity in these populations and to further develop measures of behavioral impulsivity. The development of objective repeatable (state-dependent) measures of impulsivity is needed to answer both basic and applied research questions. Our long-term goal is to determine how impulsivity relates to biological mechanisms and treatment prediction/outcome. Research focused on understanding the unique causal pathways that lead children to develop severe patterns of antisocial and aggressive behaviors will advance our treatment technology. Impulsivity is critical to many of these pathways, but unfortunately its conceptualization and operationalized in past research has been weak. This research will advance our understanding of the construct of impulsivity and will provide a firmer context within which future research can better study the role impulsivity plays in the development of severe conduct problems.