Diet and Exercise: Race, Postmenopause and Metabolism

描述：（逐字从应用程序）非洲裔美国妇女更肥胖 和胰岛素抵抗的几率更高这项研究旨在 确定超重的非裔美国妇女是否对 低热量减肥（WL）或有氧运动加减肥（AEX+WL）比 高加索女性。假设种族差异（非裔美国人） 在WL影响胰岛素敏感性的机制中， 超重、胰岛素抵抗的非裔美国绝经后女性需要 在非裔美国妇女中，WL伴随AEX，以改善胰岛素 灵敏度具体目标决定1）WL与AEX+WL的种族效应， 胰岛素对非裔美国人葡萄糖和脂肪代谢作用 通过评估胰岛素敏感性（EC 50）和FFA抑制来评估白人女性 在高胰岛素血症;和2）细胞机制，其中添加 AEX与WL的比值影响非裔美国人的胰岛素敏感性， 通过确定WL vs. AEX+WL对蛋白质的影响对高加索女性的影响 影响骨骼肌中的胰岛素作用（GLUT 4、IRS 1和Pl-3激酶），和 胰岛素抑制脂肪细胞中脂肪分解。我们要健康地学习， 超重（体重指数，27-35 kg/m2）50-60岁绝经后 非裔美国人和高加索妇女。将进行代谢研究 低热量减肥治疗前后（n=30/种族）或 有氧运动训练加减肥（n=30/比赛）。胰岛素敏感性 和游离脂肪酸浓度将在3个步骤中测定 高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹。我们将测量全身脂肪（DXA扫描）， 内脏脂肪和大腿中部低密度瘦肉组织（CT扫描），葡萄糖和 口服葡萄糖耐量试验期间的胰岛素反应，骨骼肌GLUT 4， IRS 1、PI 3-激酶和脂肪细胞中脂解的胰岛素抑制。这些 研究结果可能为针对特定女性人群提供理论依据 通过增加锻炼， 低热量的减肥效果比单纯减肥效果好。

DESCRIPTION: (Verbatim from application) African American women are more obese and insulin resistant than Caucasian women. This research is designed to determine whether overweight African American women respond differently to hypocaloric weight loss (WL) or aerobic exercise plus weight loss (AEX+WL) than do Caucasian women. The hypothesis is that ethnic differences (African American vs. Caucasian) in the mechanisms by which WL affects insulin sensitivity in overweight, insulin resistant African American postmenopausal women requires that the WL be accompanied by AEX in African American women to improve insulin sensitivity. Specific aims determine 1) the race effects of WL vs. AEX+WL on insulin action on glucose and fat metabolism in African American compared to Caucasian women by assessing insulin sensitivity (EC50), and FFA suppression during hyperinsulinemia; and 2) the cellular mechanisms by which the addition of AEX to WL affects insulin sensitivity in African American compared to Caucasian women by ascertaining the effects of WL vs. AEX+WL on proteins affecting insulin action (GLUT4, IRS 1 and Pl-3 kinase) in skeletal muscle, and insulin suppression of lipolysis in adipocytes. We will study healthy, overweight (Body Mass Index, 27-35 kg/rn2) 50-60 year old postmenopausal African American and Caucasian women. Metabolic studies will be performed before and after either hypocaloric weight loss treatment (n=30 per race) or aerobic exercise training plus weight loss (n=30 per race). Insulin sensitivity and free fatty acid concentrations will be determined during a 3-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. We will measure total body fat (DXA scans), visceral fat and mid-thigh low density lean tissue (CT scans), glucose and insulin responses during an oral glucose tolerance test, skeletal muscle GLUT4, IRS 1, Pl 3-kinase, and insulin suppression of lipolysis in adipocytes. These findings may provide a rationale for targeting specific populations of women who might improve glucose and fat metabolism more from the addition of exercise to hypocaloric weight loss than weight loss alone.