Basic Cognitive/neuropsychological Processes And Their E

该项目涉及应用SSES方法论方法来研究基本的认知和神经心理过程及其受环境的调节。这项研究的主要焦点是继续和扩大与乔丹·格拉夫曼博士(首席认知神经科学科NINDS)的长期合作，以越南头部损伤纵向研究(VHIS)为中心。除了与Grafman博士的这项工作外，SSES最近的出版物和这一领域的发现还有两个二手来源：1)完成了1998年前完成的SSES实验研究的数据分析，2)与其他研究人员合作，将扫描电子显微镜技术应用于他们收集的神经科学数据。卡普兰和斯库勒(2001)最近发表了一篇基于对SSES认知心理学实验数据的分析的SSES论文，这些实验是在我们停止进行此类研究之前进行的。本文探讨了复杂环境产生影响的认知过程。研究结果表明，复杂的环境鼓励基于规则的学习和迁移；简单的环境则像学习和迁移一样死记硬背。与美国国家耳聋和其他沟通障碍研究所(NIDCD)的艾伦·布劳恩博士合作，我们应用结构方程模型研究了抽动症(TS)患者和正常人(2002)的PET测量的局部大脑代谢率的功能耦合。对CSTC回路及其相互关系的描述的一个发现是，在两组中都存在运动和外侧眼眶额部回路之间的功能连接。然而，这些相互作用模式的逆转区分了患者和对照组；运动和眼眶前外侧回路的活动水平在TS患者中呈正相关，在正常人中呈负相关。这些结果进一步支持了边缘-运动相互作用改变代表这种疾病的病理生理学特征的假说。我们的大部分合作研究都涉及VHIS。最近的一篇论文(Herrmann，Schooler，Caplan，Lipman，Grafman，Schoenbach，Schwab，K&Johnson，2001)使用扫描电子显微镜比较了基于不同理论的记忆结构模型，这些模型在假设的核心记忆组件的类型和数量上不同。这些分析利用了VHIS已经收集的关于正常对照组和脑损伤最轻的退伍军人的数据。本文报道，对于正常和轻微脑损伤的退伍军人，最适合广泛(但不是穷尽)的VHIS记忆测量集的结构方程模型包括四个潜在因素(言语情景、视觉情景、语义记忆和短期记忆)。

This project involves the application of the SSES methodological approach to the study of basic cognitive and neuropsychological processes and their modulation by the environment. The primary focus of this research is the continuation and expansion of a longstanding collaboration with Dr. Jordan Grafman (Chief Cognitive Neuroscience Section NINDS) centering on the longitudinal Vietnam Head Injury Study (VHIS). Besides this work with Dr. Grafman, there have been two secondary sources of recent SSES publications and findings in this area: 1) the completion of data analyses of SSES experimental studies completed before 1998, 2) collaboration with other researchers in the application of SEM techniques to neuroscience data they have collected. A recent SSES papers based on the analyses of data from SSES cognitive psychological experiments carried out before we stopped conducting such research is Caplan and Schooler (2001. This paper investigates the cognitive processes through which complex environments have their effects. The findings indicate that complex environments encourage rule based learning and transfer; simple environments rote like learning and transfer. Working with Dr. Allen Braun of the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD, we applied Structural Equation Modeling to investigate the functional coupling of regional cerebral metabolic rates, as measured by PET, in those with Tourettes Syndrome (TS) and normal individuals (2002). One finding of this delineation of the CSTC circuits and their interrelationships is the existence of functional connections between the motor and lateral orbital frontal circuits in both groups. A reversal in the patterns of these interactions, however, differentiated the patients and the controls; the activity levels in the motor and lateral orbitofrontal circuits were positively correlated in the TS patients and negatively correlated in the normals. These results lend further credence to the hypothesis that altered limbic-motor interactions represent a pathophysiological hallmark of this disease. Most of our collaborative research involves the VHIS. A recent paper (Herrmann, Schooler, Caplan, Lipman, Grafman, Schoenbach, Schwab, K & Johnson, 2001) used SEM to compare alternative theory based models of the structure of memory that differ in the types and numbers of core memory components that they postulate. The analyses utilized data already collected by the VHIS on normal controls and minimally brain injured veterans. This paper reported that for both the normal and minimally brain injured veterans, the SEM model that provided the best fit to the extensive (but not exhaustive) set of VHIS memory measures included four latent factors (verbal episodic, visual episodic, semantic memory and short term memory).