The future governance of marine common pool resources: towards a governance framework for offshore carbon

海洋环境提供了一系列共同资源，包括渔业和“蓝色”碳。对后者的治理（Thomas, 2014）的兴趣正在发展，目前没有任何气候条约、协议或机制（Luisetti等人，2015）解决这一问题。然而，关于另一个共同资源- -渔业的管理和治理- -在理论上和实际上所知的要多得多。这些都是动态的（鱼类在地理上有不同的苗圃和产卵场；在不同的领土上被捕获），并且经常受到国际政治不确定性的影响，例如，在英国“脱欧”投票的情况下，但不仅如此。了解渔业治理和管理如何受到新的政策格局的影响，对于科学家、政治家和实践者来说至关重要，这有助于对渔业作为共同资源的未来管理采取更详细和深入的方法。对渔业治理和管理的未来可能选择进行评估，将能够以创新的方式为管理其他共同资源库资源，如“蓝”碳（可以在不同的司法管辖区隔离和储存）汲取经验教训。本研究将解决以下问题：-在政治不确定的情况下，哪些关键因素会影响渔业管理和治理？是否存在身体上、文化上、司法上的差异？-不同政策方案对渔业管理有何影响？-这些对“蓝色”碳的治理和管理有什么机会？第一年：学生将对渔业管理和相关的“蓝色”碳方面进行批判性审查，研究现有的生物物理和经济模型，旨在为“蓝色”共同池资源的政策和管理提供信息。这将通过与Defra或其他环境部/部门以及与所选案例研究相关的相关机构的主要政策利益相关者的互动来获得信息，以确保工作反映了渔业和“蓝”碳管理的主要考虑因素和不确定性，使研究具有意义和影响力。研究可以集中在英国和欧洲水域，或者更远的地方（例如太平洋地区），那里的不确定性条件为探索这些问题提供了机会，在世界范围内具有广泛的适用性。这将导致确定和了解影响渔业管理的关键因素，并确定可能的个案研究作为研究重点。第二年和第三年：学生将a)根据第一年进行的审查工作，创建不同的政策情景，模拟在政治不确定条件下的典型“蓝色”共同资源（例如渔业）管理；b)在与关键利益相关者讨论时测试和评估这些情景（例如，专家启发——例如O’neill等人，2008年）；C)在政治不确定的条件下，为管理现有（如渔业）和新兴（如蓝碳）“蓝色”共同资源提供政策建议。学生和主管团队将在整个项目期间密切联系，该项目旨在使学生能够探索具有国家和国际相关性的新兴领域，并有明确的重点，从而能够测试想法和方法。监督小组在海洋生态系统经济评估和环境治理方面具有广泛的专业知识。

The marine environment provides a range of common pool resources, including fisheries and 'blue' carbon. Interest is developing on the governance of the latter (Thomas, 2014), which is currently not addressed by any climate treaty, agreement or mechanism (Luisetti et al., 2015). However, much more is known - theoretically and practically - about the management and governance of another common pool resource, fisheries. These are dynamic (fishes have geographically diverse nursery and spawning grounds; are caught in different territories) and often subject to conditions of international political uncertainty, for example, in the case of the UK 'Brexit' vote, but not only. Understanding how fisheries governance and management may be affected by unravelling new policy landscapes is of vital importance to scientists, politicians and practitioners, for a more detailed and in-depth approach to their future management as common pool resources. Assessing possible future options for fisheries governance and management will enable, innovatively, to draw lessons for the management of other common pool resources such as 'blue' carbon (which can be sequestered and stored in different jurisdictions).Questions this study will address:- Which key factors affect fisheries management and governance under political uncertainty? Are there physical, cultural, jurisdictional differences? - What are the implications for fisheries management under different policy scenarios? - What opportunities do these bear for the governance and management of 'blue' carbon?First year: the student will conduct a critical review of fisheries management, and related 'blue' carbon aspects, looking at existing biophysical and economic models aimed to inform policy and management of 'blue' common pool resources. This will be informed by interaction with key policy stakeholders in Defra or other ministry/department for the environment and associated agencies relevant to the chosen case-study, to ensure the work reflects the main considerations and uncertainties around management of fisheries and 'blue' carbon, enabling the research to be meaningful and impactful. The research can focus on UK and European waters, or further afield (e.g. Pacific regions) where conditions of uncertainty provide the opportunity to explore such issues, with wide applicability world-wide. This will result in the identification and understanding of key factors affecting fisheries management, and the identification of possible case studies as research foci. Second and third year: the student will a) create different policy scenarios modelling an exemplar 'blue' common pool resource (e.g. fisheries) management under conditions of political uncertainty, based on the review work undertaken in the first year; b) test and evaluate these scenarios in discussion with key stakeholders (e.g. expert elicitation - e.g. O'Neill et al., 2008); c) deliver policy recommendations for governing existing (e.g. fisheries) and emerging (e.g. blue carbon) 'blue' common pool resources under conditions of political uncertainty.Student and supervisory team will liaise closely throughout the duration of the project, which has been designed to enable the student to explore an emerging area of national and international relevance, with a clear focus, enabling the testing of ideas and methods. The supervisory team has extensive expertise in economic evaluation of marine ecosystems and environmental governance.