Physiology & Measurement of Vocal Fold Vibration

生物力学研究方法提供了声带振动的信息，已成为重要的临床决策。 然而，越来越复杂的外科技术提供给临床医生将使其至关重要的是，以提高科学基础了解特定异常的发声。 该申请要求支持继续发展喉生理学、病理生理学和生物力学相关领域的研究。 这项实验工作的长期目标是更好地了解正常和病理发声，并有助于发展有效，全面和非侵入性的临床可行的方法，代表和测量发声的生理。这项建议有两个相关的部分。 第一个地址的生理学特定声带病理和特定的生物力学变化如何导致病理发声。 切除的喉模型将用于刺激声带机械特性的异常变化，例如刚度、张力、近似变化和声带覆盖物垂直张力的改变。 这些研究将测量僵硬度、皱褶上嘴唇和下唇内收变化、声门不对称和声带张力的影响。 将检查声带质量变化的结果、声带手术增强的具体效果以及与声带脱水相关的变化。 测量声带硬度、声带振动幅度和粘膜上皮波。 其他措施将评估振动的稳定性和效率，发声阈值压力，声带接触面积和接触面积的空间分布和声门内应力。 作为切除喉模型的补充，将研究有限元分析（FEA）计算机模型和粘膜波模型。这些一系列系统测量特定生物力学变量影响的目的是为了更好地理解导致异常发声的机制。该建议的第二部分侧重于开发一种多测量方法，以非侵入性地评估声带振动模式的特性。 本部分的研究将整合高速摄影机、声导图及声电图的资料，在系统分析的基础上，改善声带振动的量测。将使用非侵入性方法的测量与病理条件的切除喉模型中的直接测量进行比较，以确定非侵入性测量的有效性和校准。 将这些对照实验研究的数据与来自同时记录的已知喉部病变患者的多个测量值的大型数据库的数据进行比较。

Biomechanical research approaches have contributed information about vocal fold vibration that has become important to clinical decision making. However, the increasingly sophisticated surgical techniques available to clinicians will make it critical to improve the scientific base understanding specific abnormalities of vocal production. This application requests support to continue development of research in the related fields of laryngeal physiology, pathophysiology and biomechanics. The long- range goals of this experimental work are to better understand both normal and pathological phonation and to contribute to the development of valid, comprehensive and noninvasive clinically feasible methods of representing and measuring the physiology of phonation. This proposal has two related parts. The first addresses the physiology of specific vocal fold pathologies and how particular biomechanical variations cause pathological phonation. An excised larynx model will be used to stimulate abnormal variations in vocal fold mechanical properties such as stiffness, tension, variations in approximation, and alterations in the vertical tension of vocal fold cover. The studies will measure the effects of stiffness, variations in the adduction of upper and lower lips of the folds and asymmetry of the glottis and of vocal fold tension. The results of vocal fold mass changes, the specific effects of surgical augmentation of the vocal folds and changes associated with dehydration of the vocal folds will be examined. Measurements will be made of vocal fold stiffness, amplitude of vocal fold vibration and mucosal epithelial wave. Additional measures will assess stability and efficiency of vibration, phonation threshold pressure, vocal fold contact area and the spatial distribution of the contact area and intraglottal stress. As a supplement to the excised larynx model, a finite element analysis (FEA) computer model and a mucosal wave model will be studied. The purpose of these series of systematic measurements of the effects of specific biomechanical variables is to better understand the mechanisms that result in abnormal phonation. The second part of this proposal focuses on development of a multiple-measurement approach in order to non-invasively evaluate the characteristics of vocal fold vibration patterns. This part of the study will integrate data from high-speed video, PGG and EGG to improve the measurement of vocal fold vibration based upon system analyses. Measurements using non-invasive methodologies will be compared with direct measurements in the excised larynx model of pathological conditions in order to establish validity and calibration for the noninvasive measures. The data from these controlled experimental studies will be compared to data from a large database of simultaneously recorded multiple measurements from patients with known laryngeal pathologies.