Fluoride and Other Factors in Childhood Bone Development

描述(由申请提供)：尽管儿童时期的骨骼发育与晚年的骨骼健康之间的联系越来越明确，但关于儿童时期骨骼发育的决定因素以及它们如何导致骨质疏松症和骨折的风险，仍有许多需要了解。这在一定程度上是因为相对较少的研究对儿童时期的骨骼发育和矿物质积累进行了纵向评估。即使是众所周知的饮食因素，如氟化物、钙和维生素D，也没有大量的儿童从出生到青春期被跟踪调查。我们目前应用的目标是将我们正在进行的纵向研究扩展到青春期。目前这项研究已进入第5个年头，我们的研究广泛调查了关键饮食因素、体力活动、候选基因多态和父母信息(双能X线骨密度仪、饮食、体力活动和候选基因)对重要终点的影响，包括定期的DXA骨量测。进行了5岁的骨骼和体力活动评估(n=470)，8岁的评估正在进行(到目前为止，n=190)。到目前为止的分析表明，5岁的骨骼测量与身高和体重、体力活动、COL1A2和骨钙素基因多态性、氟化物、钙和维生素D呈正相关。这次更新的总体目标是在青春期的关键年份继续进行纵向评估。将使用DXA分析(包括髋关节结构分析(HSA))和外周定量计算机断层扫描(PQCT)来评估11岁和13岁时的骨骼测量。将收集饮食和体力活动问卷和加速度计数据，进行额外的候选基因分析，并评估性成熟。将对骨骼测量进行横向(8、11和13岁)和纵向(5至13岁)的分析，并与儿童的人口统计、人体测量、氟化物和其他饮食、体力活动、性成熟和遗传因素有关。一个重要的重点将是基因-环境相互作用效应的统计分析(例如，钙摄入量和维生素D受体基因)以及与父母基因和骨骼测量的相关性。对这一队列的持续研究以及从出生时收集的纵向饮食数据提供了一个独特的机会，可以揭示可修改和不可修改因素对儿童和青春期骨骼发育的相对重要性，并对预防骨质疏松症和骨折产生影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by application): Although the link between skeletal development in childhood and bone health later in life is increasingly well established, much remains to be learned about the determinants of bone development during childhood and how they contribute to risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture. This is, in part, because relatively few studies have longitudinally assessed bone development and mineral accretion in childhood. Even for well-known dietary factors such as fluoride, calcium, and vitamin D, no large cohort of children has been followed from birth through adolescence. The objective of our current application is to extend our ongoing longitudinal study into adolescence. Currently in its 5th year, our study is a broad investigation of the effects of key dietary factors, physical activity, candidate gene polymorphisms and parental information dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), diet, physical activity and candidate genes) on important endpoints that include periodic DXA bone measures. Age 5 bone and physical activity assessments (n=470) were conducted and age 8 assessments are in progress (n=190 so far). Analyses thus far indicate age 5 bone measures are positively associated with height and weight, physical activity, COL1A2 and osteocalcin gene polymorphisms, fluoride, calcium and vitamin D. The overall objective of this renewal is to continue longitudinal assessment through the critical years of puberty. DXA analyses (including Hip Structural Analysis (HSA)) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) will be used to assess bone measures at ages 11 and 13. Dietary and physical activity questionnaire and accelerometry data will be collected, additional candidate gene analyses undertaken, and sexual maturation assessed. Bone measures will be analyzed cross-sectionally (ages 8, 11, and 13) and longitudinally (ages 5 to 13), and related to children's demographic, anthropometric, fluoride and other dietary, physical activity, sexual maturity, and genetic factors. An important focus will be statistical analysis of gene-environment interaction effects (e.g., calcium intake and vitamin D receptor genotype) and correlation with parental genotypes and bone measures. Continued study of this cohort with longitudinal dietary data collected from birth provides a unique opportunity to reveal major insights into the relative importance of modifiable and non-modifiable factors on bone development during childhood and adolescence, with implications for prevention of osteoporosis and bone fractures.