Impulsivity Models: Behavioral Mechanisms

描述(申请人提供)：在两个实验中，两种类型的目标 冲动的行为衡量标准(快速决策与奖励导向)将是 对三组青少年品行障碍(CD)进行比较。 具体地说，将有三个患有CD的青少年群体参加：那些没有 身体打斗史(CDNonFight)和那些有任何一种历史的人 发起非冲动的战斗(CDFightJPlan)或冲动的战斗 (CDFight/非计划)。初步研究表明，行为测量 冲动不仅在控制组和品行障碍(CD)组之间不同， 而且有肢体打斗史的CD患者表现得更好 比那些没有打斗史的人更冲动。这一点显得格外突出 对于需要快速决策响应的实验室任务是真的(相比 到需要奖励导向响应的任务)。在实验1中，为了比较 冲动的行为测量，将使用几种任务类型 同时确定哪些措施对组最敏感 不同之处。在实验2中，绩效反馈(奖励、惩罚和 综合奖励/惩罚)将用于确定哪些任务参数 改善群体歧视，以及每个群体的表现如何 通过反馈操作进行差分调制。在这两个实验中， 行为冲动表现将与传统临床相关 衡量标准(家长、教师和自我报告评级)，以进一步提供 对这些实验室措施进行验证。具体目标是：(1) 确定哪种实验室任务类型(快速决策与奖励导向)最好 区分对照组和患有CD的青少年。在两个人之间 CDNonFight、CDFight/计划。和CDFight/非计划组：(2)确定如何 绩效反馈以不同方式调节冲动反应和 最大限度地扩大群体歧视：和(3)进一步验证 实验室通过将表现与传统临床相关联来测量冲动性 冲动的衡量标准(来自父母、老师和 自我报告)。这些研究将有助于实现我们当前的目标，即研究 在这些人群中冲动的基本机制和进一步发展 衡量行为冲动的标准。客观可重复性的发展 (依赖于状态)冲动性测量需要回答基本和 应用研究问题。我们的长期目标是确定冲动如何 涉及生物机制和治疗预测/结果。研究 重点是了解导致儿童 发展严重的反社会和攻击性行为模式将促进我们的 处理技术。冲动对这些途径中的许多都很关键，但 不幸的是，在过去的研究中，它的概念化和可操作性 一直很虚弱。这项研究将促进我们对这一结构的理解 冲动，将提供一个更坚实的背景，在这个背景下，未来的研究可以 更好地研究冲动在严重行为发展中所起的作用 有问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In two experiments, two types of objective behavioral measures of impulsivity (rapid-decision vs. reward-directed) will be compared between three groups of adolescents with conduct disorder (CD). Specifically, three adolescent groups with CD will participate: those without histories of physical fighting (CDNonFight) and those with histories of either initiating fights non-impulsively (CDFightJPlan) or impulsively (CDFight/NonPlan). Preliminary studies indicate that behavioral measures of impulsivity differ not only between control and conduct disorder (CD) groups, but also CD patients with histories of physical fighting perform more impulsively than those without histories of fighting. This appears especially true for laboratory tasks that require rapid-decisional responses (as compared to tasks that require reward-directed responses). In Experiment 1, to compare behavioral measures of impulsivity, several task types will be used concurrently to determine which measures are most sensitive to group differences. In Experiment 2, performance feedback (reward, penalty, and combined reward/penalty) will be used to determine which task parameters improve group discrimination, and how each group's performance may be differentially modulated by feedback manipulations. In both experiments, behavioral impulsivity performance will be related to traditional clinical measures (parent, teacher, and self-report ratings) to provide further validation of these laboratory measures. The specific aims are: (1) to determine which laboratory task type (rapid-decision vs. reward-directed) best discriminates between controls and adolescents with CD. and between the CDNonFight, CDFight/Plan. and CDFight/NonPlan groups: (2) to determine how performance feedback differentially modulates impulsive responding and maximizes group discrimination: and (3) to provide further validation of laboratory measured impulsivity by relating performance to traditional clinical measures of impulsivity (prospective ratings from parents, teachers, and self-report). These studies will help meet our immediate goals of studying the basic mechanisms of impulsivity in these populations and to further develop measures of behavioral impulsivity. The development of objective repeatable (state-dependent) measures of impulsivity is needed to answer both basic and applied research questions. Our long-term goal is to determine how impulsivity relates to biological mechanisms and treatment prediction/outcome. Research focused on understanding the unique causal pathways that lead children to develop severe patterns of antisocial and aggressive behaviors will advance our treatment technology. Impulsivity is critical to many of these pathways, but unfortunately its conceptualization and operationalized in past research has been weak. This research will advance our understanding of the construct of impulsivity and will provide a firmer context within which future research can better study the role impulsivity plays in the development of severe conduct problems.