BINOCULAR COORDINATION IN MONKEYS WITH STRABISMUS

描述（由申请人提供）：必须在水平、垂直和扭转平面上保持双眼对准，以确保双眼感觉融合。 正常的发育确保了注视时的双眼对齐和眼球运动时的双眼协调。 不幸的是，发育过程中的异常视觉体验通常会导致眼位不正（斜视）。 事实上，各种研究报告斜视的发病率约为2-5%的婴儿人口。 来自我们实验室的斜视人类和斜视猴子的数据表明，眼位不正伴随着共轭眼球运动的缺乏。虽然斜视最常与水平失准相关，但经常观察到水平、垂直和扭转失准的组合。 沿着静态水平、垂直和扭转未对准，在主要眼睛运动平面之间似乎存在大量动态串扰。在临床文献中，这些明显的交叉轴相互作用通常被描述为斜视的“A”和“V”模式。 不幸的是，缺乏对这些交叉轴运动的神经或机械基础的理解，缺乏对水平、垂直或扭转眼球运动的神经控制的假定关系或缺乏其关系，以及与斜视病因学的关系。 竞争的假设包括静态错位的眼外肌滑轮，眼外肌和肌肉滑轮的侧滑，扭转控制眼球运动出错，导致明显的肌肉功能障碍，最后只是无法解释的过度/不足的个别眼外肌。 我们的研究目的是阐明静态和动态特性的跨轴运动，并检查其来源的动物与感官诱导斜视。 我们的方法将包括眼外肌的结构成像，以确定肌肉滑轮的作用;行为实验，以检查扭转和上市的法律控制;神经生理学实验，以检查电机和前电机结构在大脑和生物力学建模的眼外肌组织模拟实验数据的作用。 完成我们的研究将有助于了解和治疗某些类型的斜视。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Binocular alignment must be maintained in the horizontal, vertical and torsional planes to ensure binocular sensory fusion. Normal development ensures binocular alignment during fixation and binocular coordination during eye movements. Unfortunately, abnormal visual experience during development usually leads to ocular misalignment (strabismus). In fact, various studies have reported the incidence of strabismus to be about 2-5% of the infant population. Data from strabismic humans and from strabismic monkeys in our laboratory have shown that ocular misalignment is accompanied by a lack of conjugate eye movements. Though strabismus is most often associated with a horizontal misalignment, often a combined horizontal, vertical and torsional misalignment is observed. Along with the static horizontal, vertical and torsional misalignment, there appears to be substantial dynamic cross-talk between the principal eye movement planes. In the clinical literature these apparent cross-axis interactions are usually described as 'A' and 'V' patterns of strabismus. Unfortunately, there is a lack of understanding of the neural or mechanical bases for these cross-axis movements, the putative relationship or lack thereof to the neural control of horizontal, vertical or torsional eye movements and the relationship to the etiology of the strabismus. Competing hypotheses include static malpositioning of extraocular muscle pulleys, sideslip of extraocular muscles and muscle pulleys, torsional control of eye movements gone awry leading to apparent muscle dysfunction and finally simply unexplained overaction/underaction of individual extraocular muscles. The goal of our studies is to clarify static and dynamic properties of cross-axis movements and examine its source in animals with a sensory induced strabismus. Our approach will include structural imaging of extraocular muscle to determine role of muscle pulleys; behavioral experiments to examine control of torsion and Listing's laws; neurophysiological experiments to examine the role of motor and pre-motor structures in the brain and biomechanical modeling of extraocular musculature to simulate experimental data. Completion of our studies will be of benefit to the understanding and treatment of certain types of strabismus.