Social Aggression: Precursors and Outcomes

描述（由申请人提供）：这项纵向调查将研究发展的前兆和结果，从事和成为社会和身体侵略的受害者。身体攻击造成或威胁身体伤害，而社会攻击则通过破坏他人的友谊、同伴关系或社会地位来伤害他人。社会攻击包括诸如社会排斥、友谊操纵、恶意八卦以及非语言的疏远和操纵行为。初步研究已经确定，社会攻击伤害儿童，并与心理社会适应不良，但需要纵向研究，以探讨的前兆，稳定性，和后遗症的犯下和受害的社会和身体的侵略。 这项研究将跟踪300名9 - 14岁儿童的正常样本，这是一个社会攻击变得更加频繁和激烈的发展时期。这项调查将研究儿童参与和经历这些行为的频率，并探讨性别差异是否以及何时出现，使用多种方法来衡量社会攻击（观察和电话采访，以及同伴提名和教师和家长报告）。本研究将探讨可能导致个体差异的因素，在从事和被社会和身体攻击的受害者：家庭，同伴群体和学校的因素。本研究将调查与参与和成为社会和身体攻击的受害者相关的发展结果：同伴和浪漫关系的质量，自我概念，学术进步，身份形成，外化症状，内化症状，人格困难和饮食失调症状。本研究将探讨女孩和男孩青少年精神病理学的发展前兆，长期目标是确定减少社会攻击是否有助于预防外化症状，内化问题，人格障碍和饮食失调。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This longitudinal investigation will examine developmental precursors and outcomes of engaging in and being the victim of social and physical aggression. Whereas physical aggression inflicts or threatens bodily harm, social aggression hurts others by damaging their friendships, peer relations, or social status. Social aggression includes behaviors such as social exclusion, friendship manipulation, malicious gossip, and non-verbal efforts at alienation and manipulation. Preliminary studies have established that social aggression hurts children and is related to psychosocial maladjustment, but longitudinal research is needed to explore precursors, stability, and sequelae of perpetrating and being victimized by social and physical aggression. This study will follow a normal sample of 300 children from ages 9 - 14, a developmental period in which social aggression has been shown to become more frequent and intense. This investigation will examine how frequently children engage in and experience these behaviors and explore whether and when gender differences emerge, using multiple methods to measure social aggression (observations and telephone interviews, as well as peer nominations and teacher and parent reports). This study will explore factors that may contribute to individual differences in engaging in and being victimized by social and physical aggression: family, peer group, and school factors. This research will investigate developmental outcomes associated with engaging in and being the victim of social and physical aggression: qualities of peer and romantic relationships, self-concept, academic progress, identity formation, externalizing symptoms, internalizing symptoms, personality difficulties, and eating disorder symptoms. This study will explore developmental precursors of adolescent psychopathology for both girls and boys, with the long-term goal of determining whether reducing social aggression might be helpful in preventing externalizing symptoms, internalizing problems, personality disorders, and eating disorders.