'Klaus Mann, Genre Theory, and the Queer Novel.'

我的研究通过克劳斯·曼的小说探索了酷儿和体裁理论与20世纪小说创新的交集，他在魏玛共和国亚文化中公开的同性恋和后来的流亡经历为研究高度动态时代的身份变化提供了无与伦比的空间。我将特别关注我们如何定义“酷儿小说”，认识到体裁和身份的相互作用，在这种情况下，两者的发展都促进了对方的发展。这个项目旨在将人文学科中原本完全不同的学科联系起来，扩大现有的知识，了解身份的发展和文学表达是如何联系在一起的，以及表面上孤立的现象--同性恋身份和小说--实际上如何存在于它们自身之外、它们之间的互动以及我们对它们进行分类的领域之外。现有的针对克劳斯·曼及其作品的批评文学倾向于遵循几个关键模式。其中最突出的是传记，无论是关于他自己的生平故事(参见Neumann 1995，Thiel 1998，Schänzler 1999，Casaretto 2002，Kaiser 2015，Spotts 2016)，或者更具体地关于他和他父亲Thomas Mann之间的关系(参见Härle 1988，Malcolm 2003)，或者Klaus和他的姐姐Erika之间的关系(参见Chrambach and Hummel 1990，Hauck 1997，Weiss 2008)。在其他地方，人们强烈关注他在20世纪30年代和40年代在欧洲和美国流亡的经历和文学表现(参见狄尔斯豪尔1973，韦尔1983，哈克1997，西德罗娃2003，施密特2003，冯·林德纳2005，Utsch 2007，Kroh 2008)。虽然偶尔会有专著或博士论文从这些方法中分支出来，但克劳斯·曼的作品主要是与他的传记一起看待的，几乎从来没有从他一生中写的所有七部小说的深入分析的角度来看待他的作品。克劳斯·曼的(同性恋)性行为经常在他的传记中得到简短的报道。然而，很少有二手文学作品将他的古怪视为他作品的孤立例子中的一个主题组成部分(参见Härle 1988，Keller 2001，Nixon 2005)，当他们这样做的时候，往往是以一种病态的身份认同的视野，只看到他的性取向与他的精神健康、吸毒成瘾和最终自杀有关。我的研究提出了一个问题，即是否可以在文本的结构和形式层面上看到古怪，而不是任何主题的参与，曼恩的小说就是个案研究。为了回答这个问题，我将通过分析与小说有关的体裁理论中的关键著作(例如，巴赫金1981，本杰明1936，德里达1980，卢卡奇1920)，来调查这部小说在多大程度上为同性恋身份提供了结构类比的机会。使用这些镜头，我对曼小说的研究将有助于理解同性恋身份是如何在文学形式中表达的，以及少数族裔身份如何影响他们的文学表达。

My research explores the intersection of queer and genre theories and 20th-century novelistic innovation through the novels of Klaus Mann, whose open homosexuality in the subcultures of the Weimar Republic and later experiences of exile present unparalleled scope for investigating changing identities in highly dynamic times. I will focus specifically on how we can define the 'queer novel', recognising the reciprocity of genre and identity, where developments in each facilitate developments in the other. This project aims to connect otherwise disparate disciplines across the humanities, expanding existing knowledge on how the development and literary expressions of identities are bound together, and how apparently isolated phenomena - queer identity and the novel - can in fact exist beyond themselves, within their interactions, and beyond the fields in which we categorize them.Existing critical literature addressing Klaus Mann and his work tends to follow a few key patterns. The most prominent of these is biographical, whether focussing on his own life story (see Neumann 1995, Thiel 1998, Schänzler 1999, Casaretto 2002, Kaiser 2015, Spotts 2016), or more specifically on the relationship between him and his father Thomas Mann (see Härle 1988, Malcolm 2003), or on that between Klaus and his older sister, Erika (see Chrambach and Hummel 1990, Hauck 1997, Weiss 2008). Elsewhere, there is a strong critical focus on his experience and literary representations of exile both within Europe and in the USA in the 1930s and 1940s (see Dirschauer 1973, Weil 1983, Hauck 1997, Siderova 2003, Schmidt 2003, von Lindeiner 2005, Utsch 2007, Kroh 2008). Whilst the occasional monograph or doctoral thesis branches out from these approaches, it remains true that Klaus Mann's work is viewed primarily in conjunction with his biography, and practically never from the perspective of an in-depth analysis of all seven of the novels he wrote across his lifetime.Klaus Mann's (homo)sexuality is often briefly covered in biographies of him. Very few pieces of secondary literature, however, treat his queerness as anything more than a thematic component in isolated examples of his work (see Härle 1988, Keller 2001, Nixon 2005), and, when they do, it is often with a pathologized vision of identity that sees his sexuality solely in relation to his mental health, drug addiction, and eventual suicide. My research posits the question of whether queerness can be seen on the structural, formal level of a text, beyond any thematic involvement, with Mann's novels acting as case studies. To address this question, I will investigate the extent to which the novel, rather than other forms, presents an opportunity for structural analogy to queer identities, via analysis of key works in genre theory that concern the novel (e.g. Bakhtin 1981, Benjamin 1936, Derrida 1980, Lukács 1920). Using these lenses, my study of Mann's novels will contribute to understanding how queer identities are expressed in literary forms, and how minority identities affect and are affected by their literary expression.