Risk and Protective Factors for Partner Abuse, Child Maltreatment, & Suicidality

在美国社会中，虐待伴侣、虐待和忽视儿童以及自杀行为都是代价高昂的事件 人类的苦难和经济。2010年健康人的目标是减少所有这三个问题。然而， 由于对风险和风险的相对关系了解不足，这些领域中的每一个领域都受到阻碍。 问题的保护性因素。 本项目的目的是使用大量(超过100,000名受访者)具有代表性的档案样本 来自83个社区，以提供不同级别的风险因素的影响大小(即个人、家庭、工作和 社区)，以测试关于保护因素的缓冲效应的假设，并使用这些结果来创建 这些问题的风险和复原力的探索性模型。 档案数据集包含对自杀、伴侣和儿童身体攻击以及他们的 影响，伴侣和儿童的情感攻击及其影响，以及儿童疏忽。我们将测试其效果 使用相关性的风险因素的大小，使用相关性和倒退的保护因素的缓冲效果 逐步Logistic回归和线性回归，以及使用结构方程建模的整体模型。我们将使用统计方法 可以在83个社区收集的复杂数据集中适当估计标准误差的软件包。 预防科学遵循五个阶段的递归研究周期：(1)定义问题并衡量其 流行率；(2)建立风险和保护因素与问题的关系；(3)疗效试验；(4)有效性 试验；和(5)传播试验(Mrazek&Haggerty，1994)。在所有风险因素的文献中仍然存在很大的差距 虐待伴侣和虐待儿童的形式(SLEP&Heyman，2001)；对推定的虐待行为知之甚少 保护因素关系。因为这些知识为建立有效的预防措施提供了基石 在这些活动中，如果没有改进，就不可能实现2010年健康人目标。这个项目是独一无二的 创新是因为(A)它足够大，在其风险和风险估计中具有非常高的功率和很低的标准误差 保护因素效应大小和相加效应；(B)它将审查伤害的风险和保护关系以及 较低级别的行为(例如，攻击)；(C)它将测试伴侣和儿童的身体虐待、伴侣和儿童之间的关系 情感虐待、儿童疏忽(缺乏监督和身体危险)和自杀；(D) 它将检查共存条件下的风险和保护因素；以及(E)它的规模足够大，可以检查这些关系 适用于不同年龄段的儿童。

Partner abuse, child abuse and neglect, and suicidal behavior are costly occurrences in American society, in terms of both human suffering and economics. Healthy People 2010 targets all three problems for reduction. However, brevention of each of these areas is hampered by inadequate knowledge about the relative relations of risk and protective factors to the problems. The purpose of this project is to use a large (over 100,000 respondents), representative archival sample from 83 communities to provide effect sizes of risk factors at various levels (i.e., individual, family, work, and community), to test hypotheses about the buffering effects of protective factors, and use these results to create exploratory models of risk and resilience for these problems. The archival data set contains detailed assessments of suicidality, partner and child physical assaults and their impacts, partner and child emotional assaults and their impacts, and child neglectful omissions. We will test the effect sizes of risk factors using correlations, the buffering effects of protective factors using correlations and backward stepwise logistic and linear regressions, and overall models using structural equation modeling. We will use statistical packages that can appropriately estimate standard errors in a complex data set collected at 83 communities. Prevention science is guided by a five stage, recursive research cycle: (1) defining the problem and measuring its prevalence; (2) establishing risk and protective factor relations with the problem; (3) efficacy trials; (4) effectiveness trials; and (5) dissemination trials (Mrazek & Haggerty, 1994). Large gaps remain in the risk factor literature on all forms of partner abuse and child maltreatment (Slep & Heyman, 2001); very little is known at all about putative protective factor relations. Because this knowledge provides the bedrock on which to build effective prevention activities, reaching the Healthy People 2010 objectives is unlikely without improvements. This project is unique and innovative because (a) it is large enough to have very high power and low standard errors in its estimations of risk and protective factor effect sizes and additive effects; (b) it will examine risk and protective relations for injury as well as lower level behaviors (e.g., assault); (c) it will test these relations for partner and child physical abuse, partner and child emotional abuse, child neglectful omissions (lack of supervision and exposure to physical hazards), and suicidality; (d) it will examine risk and protective factors for comorbid conditions; and (e) it is large enough to examine these relations for children in different age groups.